Foamy Viruses
Foamy Viruses Axel Rethwilm Dirk Lindemann The name foamy virus (FV) was coined in the 1950s to acknowledge the spontaneous emergence of the typical foamy cytopathic effect (CPE) produced in…
Papillomaviruses
Papillomaviruses Peter M. Howley John T. Schiller Douglas R. Lowy The papillomaviruses (PVs) comprise a group of nonenveloped epitheliotropic DNA viruses that induce benign lesions of the skin (warts) and…
Polyomaviruses
Polyomaviruses James A. DeCaprio Michael J. Imperiale Eugene O. Major History Polyomaviruses are found ubiquitously in a broad range of avian and mammalian species. Polyomaviruses can cause severe illness and…
Nonhuman Lentiviruses
Nonhuman Lentiviruses David T. Evans John H. Elder Ronald C. Desrosiers History Use of the term “slow virus infections” and identification of the first lentivirus is generally credited to Sigurdsson…
HIV-1: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
HIV-1: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Daniel R. Kuritzkes Richard A. Koup Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is essentially an infection of the immune system. The main clinical manifestation of infection…
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Replication
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Replication Eric O. Freed Malcolm A. Martin Introduction In the late 1970s and early 1980s, previously healthy patients with symptoms of immunologic dysfunction sought advice and treatment…
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Types 1 and 2 Masahiro Fujii Masao Matsuoka History The discovery of oncogenic retroviruses in animals led to a search for retroviruses in human cancer cells….
Retroviridae
Retroviridae Stephen P. Goff The retrovirus family, the Retroviridae, are a large and diverse group of viruses found in all vertebrates. These viruses replicate through an extraordinary and unique life…
Orbiviruses
Orbiviruses Polly Roy History Two important orbivirus diseases are African horse sickness (AHS) and Bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep and cattle, both recognized first on the African continent.47,124 The first…
Rotaviruses
Rotaviruses Mary K. Estes Harry B. Greenberg Introduction and History Rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrheal illness in infants and young children in both developed and…
