Paediatric and geriatric formulations
Figure 10.1 The matrix of drivers for special formulations. 10.2 Paediatric medication Children are far from being a homogeneous group. They range from: preterm newborn infants (premature: average weight <3.4 kg) full-term…
Generic medicines and biosimilars
Key point The search for true bioequivalence is important. Given the variability of human drug response, to which we have referred several times, it is even more important that the product…
Physical assessment of dosage forms
15 Physical assessment of dosage forms It is important to have means of studying the key characteristics of quality of formulations during development and for quality control purposes during production…
Surfactants
5 Surfactants Certain compounds, because of their chemical structure, have a tendency to accumulate at the boundary between two phases. Such compounds are termed amphiphiles, surface-active agents or surfactants. Their…
Neurophysiology
B. Classification of Afferent Nerve Fibers 1. Nerve fibers are called afferent if they transmit impulses from peripheral receptors to the central nervous system (CNS) and efferent if they transmit impulses from…
Inhaled Anesthetics
1. Recognition that replacing a hydrogen atom with a fluorine atom decreased flammability led to the introduction, in 1951, of the first halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetic, fluroxene. 2. Halothane was synthesized in 1951…
Cardiac Physiology
a. The RCA usually supplies the most of the right ventricle, a small part of the diaphragmatic aspect of left ventricle, the right atrium, part of left atrium, and posteroinferior one-third…
Circulatory Physiology
A. Endothelial Function and Regulation of Vascular Tone. Endothelial synthesis and release of vasoactive mediators are important elements in the regulation of vascular tone. Under physiologic conditions, local vascular pressure and…
Chemotherapeutic Drugs
C. It is predictable that clinical manifestations of toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic drugs often include myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, mucosal ulceration, dermatitis, and alopecia as these represent…
