Control of Food Intake and Appetite1 Syed Sufyan Hussain Akila De Silva Stephen Robert Bloom 1Abbreviations: 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol; α-MSH, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; AEA, anandamide; AgRP, Agouti-related peptide; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; AP,…
Mechanisms of Nutrient Sensing1 Douglas G. Burrin Teresa A. Davis 1Abbreviations: AMP, adenosine monophosphate; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ATF4, activating transcription factor 4; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CCK, cholecystokinin; ChREBP,…
Nutrition and the Immune System1 Charles B. Stephensen Susan J. Zunino 1Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; APC, antigen-presenting cell; BCR, B-cell receptor; CRP, C-reactive protein; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC, dendritic…
Nutritional Regulation of Gene Expression and Nutritional Genomics1 Robert J. Cousins Louis A. Lichten 1Abbreviations: ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; CoA, coenzyme A; ES, embryonic stem; FAS, fatty acid…
Epigenetics1 Paul Haggarty 1Abbreviations: IGF-2, insulinlike growth factor-II gene; SINE, short interspersed nuclear element; LINE1, long interspersed nuclear elements; IAP, the intracisternal A particle; BRCA1, breast cancer 1 early onset…
Body Composition1 Scott Going Melanie Hingle Joshua Farr 1Abbreviations: 3-MH, 3-methylhistidine; ADP, air displacement plethysmography; aLST, appendicular lean soft tissue; AT, adipose tissue; BCM, body cell mass; BD, body density;…
Arginine, Citrulline, and Nitric Oxide1 Yvette C. Luiking Leticia Castillo Nicolaas E.P. Deutz 1Abbreviations: ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; ASL, argininosuccinate lyase; ASS, argininosuccinate synthase; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; CAT, cationic amino acid transporter;…
Cysteine, Taurine, and Homocysteine1,2 Martha H. Stipanuk 1Abbreviations: Cys, cysteine (any form), with thiol and disulfide forms indicated as CySH, CySSCy, and CySSR; cyst(e)ine, Cys or cystine; EAR, estimated average…
Polyphenols and Flavonoids1 Ronald L. Prior 1Abbreviations: C3G, cyanidin-3-glucoside; DP, degree of polymerization; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PA, proanthocyanidin. Flavonoids, a subclass of phytochemicals, constitute a large class of food…
Carotenoids1 Xiang-Dong Wang 1Abbreviations: ARE, antioxidant-response element; BCO1, β-carotene-15,15′-oxygenase; BCO2, β-carotene-9′,10′-oxygenase; Cx43, connexin 43; GJC, gap junction communication; HDL, highdensity lipoprotein; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; IGF, insulinlike growth factor; IGFBP,…
