KEY CONCEPTS The decision to use perimenopausal or postmenopausal hormone therapy must be individualized and based on several parameters, including menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis fracture risk, cardiovascular disease risk, breast…
Vaccines, Toxoids, and Other Immunobiologics Mary S. Hayney KEY CONCEPTS Live vaccines may confer life-long immunity but cannot be administered to the immunosuppressed. Inactivated and subunit vaccines…
Sickle Cell Disease C. Y. Jennifer Chan and Melissa Frei-Jones KEY CONCEPTS Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder caused by a defect in the gene for…
Gastrointestinal Infections and Enterotoxigenic Poisonings Steven Martin and Rose Jung KEY CONCEPTS The etiology of infectious diarrhea includes bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. Viral infections are the leading cause…
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock S. Lena Kang-Birken KEY CONCEPTS The spectrum of microorganisms associated with sepsis has changed from predominantly gram-negative bacteria in the late 1970s and…
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Kevin M. Sowinski, Mariann D. Churchwell, and Brian S. Decker KEY CONCEPTS Hemodialysis (HD) involves the perfusion of blood and dialysate on opposite sides…
Bipolar Disorder Shannon J. Drayton and Christine M. Pelic KEY CONCEPTS Bipolar disorder is a cyclic mental illness with recurrent mood episodes that occur over a person’s lifetime….
Substance-Related Disorders II: Alcohol, Nicotine, and Caffeine Paul L. Doering and Robin Moorman Li KEY CONCEPTS Tobacco is the number one preventable cause of death in the United…
Pancreatitis Scott Bolesta and Patricia A. Montgomery KEY CONCEPTS ACUTE PANCREATITIS Factors that can contribute to acute pancreatitis should be corrected, including discontinuation of medications that could be…
