Electron Microscopy
Electron Microscopy Ashima Agarwal Frances V. White I. INTRODUCTION. Transmission electron microscopy (EM) has been used by surgical pathologists over the past 50 years for the diagnosis of a wide…
Imaging Technologies in Surgical Pathology: Virtual Microscopy and Telepathology
Imaging Technologies in Surgical Pathology: Virtual Microscopy and Telepathology Jochen K. Lennerz Michael Isaacs Erika Crouch John D. Pfeifer I. CONVENTIONAL LIGHT MICROSCOPY remains the core tool in diagnostic surgical…
Biospecimen Banking
Biospecimen Banking Mark Watson I. SIGNIFICANCE TO PATHOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH. National initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (http://cancergenome.nih.gov) and the 1,000 Genomes Project (http://www.1000genomes.org/) have greatly enhanced the…
Microarrays
Microarrays Mark Watson I. INTRODUCTION. Nucleic acid microarrays are an ordered arrangement of DNA molecules (probes or features) on a solid surface. A sample of DNA or RNA derived from…
Direct and Indirect Methods for DNA Sequence Analysis
Direct and Indirect Methods for DNA Sequence Analysis TuDong Nguyen Barbara Zehnbauer John D. Pfeifer I. INTRODUCTION. Clinical molecular diagnostic methods have been integrated into many laboratory disciplines, and guidelines…
Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization
Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization TuDong Nguyen Arie Perry Anjum Hassan Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) utilizes tagged probes that bind to chromosome-specific DNA sequences of interest, thereby allowing for the…
Cytogenetics
Cytogenetics Shashikant Kulkarni Hussam Al-Kateb Catherine Cottrell I. INTRODUCTION. The three significant milestones in the history of clinical cytogenetics are the preparation of chromosome spreads from peripheral blood cultures (Exp…
Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry Friederike Kreisel I. BASIC PRINCIPLE. Flow cytometry simultaneously measures and analyzes multiple physical and/or chemical characteristics of single particles, usually cells, as they flow in a fluid stream…
Immunofluorescence
Immunofluorescence Anne C. Lind Joseph P. Gaut Rosa M. Dávila I. INTRODUCTION. Immunofluorescence studies are used to support fixed tissue diagnoses and to provide additional diagnostic and prognostic information as…
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry Peter A. Humphrey I. INTRODUCTION. Immunohistochemistry is one of the most powerful and widely used ancillary methods in surgical pathology. The technique makes it possible to simultaneously visualize cell…
