Meiotic Nondisjunction: Insights into the Origin and Significance of Aneuploidy in Human Spermatozoa

Oct 18, 2016 by in EMBRYOLOGY Comments Off on Meiotic Nondisjunction: Insights into the Origin and Significance of Aneuploidy in Human Spermatozoa

Fig. 1.1 Human pachytene spermatocyte demonstrating synapsis of homologous chromosome pairs and sites of meiotic recombination (chiasmata). The protein complex (synaptonemal complex) that forms the physical connection between homologous chromosomes…

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Damage to Sperm DNA Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species: Its Impact on Human Reproduction and the Health Trajectory of Offspring

Oct 18, 2016 by in EMBRYOLOGY Comments Off on Damage to Sperm DNA Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species: Its Impact on Human Reproduction and the Health Trajectory of Offspring

Fig. 2.1 Potential origins of genetic and epigenetic changes in the germ line. The “aberrant repair hypothesis” essentially posits that a variety of clinical, biological, lifestyle, and environmental factors including…

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Role of Seminal Plasma in Human Female Reproductive Failure: Immunomodulation, Inflammation, and Infections

Oct 18, 2016 by in EMBRYOLOGY Comments Off on Role of Seminal Plasma in Human Female Reproductive Failure: Immunomodulation, Inflammation, and Infections

Fig. 7.1 Origin of seminal plasma components 7.2 Beneficial Effects of Immunomodulatory and Proinflammatory Factors in Human Seminal Plasma Seminal plasma contains very high concentrations of two potent immunomodulatory factors,…

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Seminal Fluid Signalling in the Female Reproductive Tract: Implications for Reproductive Success and Offspring Health

Oct 18, 2016 by in EMBRYOLOGY Comments Off on Seminal Fluid Signalling in the Female Reproductive Tract: Implications for Reproductive Success and Offspring Health

Fig. 6.1 The function of seminal fluid in the female reproductive tract following coitus. Seminal fluid exposure at coitus induces female responses that have consequences for conception and pregnancy. In…

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The Paternal Contribution to Fetal Tolerance

Oct 18, 2016 by in EMBRYOLOGY Comments Off on The Paternal Contribution to Fetal Tolerance

Fig. 10.1 Hypothetical scenario on the immune modulatory capacity of seminal fluid. After contact with paternal antigens a rather tolerant immune response is generated. The graphic illustrates the interactions between…

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