Neurologic System
Penlight Familiar objects (coins, keys, paper clip) Sterile needles Cotton wisp Tongue blades (one intact and one broken with pointed and rounded edges) Cup of water Tuning forks, 200 to…
Musculoskeletal System
Goniometer Skin-marking pencil Reflex hammer Tape measure EXAMINATION Begin examination as patient enters rooms, observing gait and posture. During examination, note ease of movement when patient walks, sits, rises, takes…
Ears, Nose, and Throat
Otoscope with pneumatic attachment Tuning fork (512-1024 Hz) Nasal speculum Tongue blades Gloves Gauze Penlight, sinus transilluminator, or light from otoscope EXAMINATION Have patient sit. TECHNIQUE FINDINGS EARS Inspect auricles and…
Skin, Hair, and Nails
Centimeter ruler (flexible, clear) Flashlight with transilluminator Wood’s lamp (to view fluorescing lesions) Handheld magnifying lens (optional) EXAMINATION Cutaneous Color Changes TECHNIQUE FINDINGS Pigmented nevi. Nonpigmented striae. Freckles. Birthmarks….
Female Genitalia
Drapes Speculum Gloves Water-soluble lubricant Lamp or light source Specimen collection equipment such as: • Sterile cotton swabs • Glass slides • Wooden or plastic spatula • Cervical brush devices…
Chest and Lungs
Drape Skin-marking pencil Ruler and tape measure Stethoscope with bell and diaphragm EXAMINATION Have patient sit, disrobed to waist. Thoracic landmarks. A, Anterior thorax. B, Right lateral thorax. C, Posterior…
Breasts and Axillae
Ruler (if mass detected) Flashlight with transilluminator (if mass detected) Glass slide and cytologic fixative (for nipple discharge) Small pillow or folded towel EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE FINDINGS FEMALES With patient seated…
Head and Neck
Tape measure Cup of water Stethoscope Transilluminator EXAMINATION Ask patient to sit. TECHNIQUE FINDINGS HEAD AND FACE Observe head position EXPECTED:Upright, midline, still. UNEXPECTED:Tilted, horizontal jerking or bobbing,…
