Portal TractA portal tract in an infant with nonsyndromic paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts shows arteries and veins but no bile ducts. The hepatocytes are compact and clustered. Centrilobular RegionThe…
Elevated transaminases • Mainstay of treatment: Management of metabolic conditions Microscopic • Steatosis, predominantly macrovesicular • Lobular inflammation (lymphocytes and Kupffer cells predominates) • Ballooning • Both fat and ballooning are most prominent in zone…
a.k.a. cholegranulomas or cholecystic granulomas Etiology/Pathogenesis • Usually preceded by rupture of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus Bile and lipid extruded into gallbladder wall, producing granulomatous reaction Clinical Issues • 4-9% of cholecystectomy specimens Majority…
Prevalence of 12% in autopsy studies and from 9-26% in surgical pathology studies • Usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally at cholecystectomy Clinical significance, if any, is unclear • Peak in 5th and…
Mutations of ABCC8 or KCNJ11 genes encoding subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium channel in majority of cases Mutations of GCK, GLUD1, HSD17B10 (SCHAD), SLC16A1, HNF1A, HNF4A, or UCP2 genes in minority…
Most clinically significant infections are seen in setting of immunosuppression Etiology/Pathogenesis • Infection can be acquired before birth, at birth, or later in life Following active infection, latent infection may persist…
Enlarged, activated, or blastic T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and other inflammatory cells • Bile duct damage Lymphocytic infiltration and epithelial cell injury affecting interlobular ducts • Endotheliitis Subendothelial venous inflammation with lifting and…
Metaplasia → dysplasia → carcinoma sequence • Progression from preexisting adenocarcinoma Considered “metaplastic carcinoma” like that in breast • Gallstones present in 40-68% of cases Clinical Issues • 1-12% of all gallbladder carcinomas…
PLD occurring in 30-90% of patients Age-dependent increase in number and size of liver cysts Higher prevalence of PLD in women • Isolated PLD affecting < 0.01% of population • Asymptomatic in…
