Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are common initiating sexually transmitted pathogens, with 15% of endocervical infections resulting in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (1–3). There are conflicting reports regarding the role…

THE NORMAL PITUITARY ANTERIOR LOBE The anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis constitutes the largest portion of the pituitary gland, about 75% to 80%, and it is formed by the pars distalis,…

Changes in oxygen (O2) tension are detected by O2-sensitive K+ and Ca2+ channels, and a suprathreshold increase of cytosolic Ca2+ triggers neurotransmitter (i.e., dopamine) release, which activates afferent nerve terminals…

FAMILIAL NON-MARFAN DISSECTIONS Familial aortic dissections are about as common in patients without extravascular abnormalities as in patients with Marfan syndrome (3). The genetic basis is not known, although it…

The underlying lamina propria consists of fibrovascular tissue folded into slender papillae that project into the epithelium. These papillae generally extend to less than two-thirds of the epithelial thickness, except…

The number of tissue blocks varies depending on the size of the spleen, macroscopic findings, and the clinical setting. Generally, I submit from 4 to 10 blocks for histologic studies….

On ultrastructural examination, adult Sertoli cells have convoluted nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The basal cytoplasm contains lipid droplets, glycogen, spherical and elongated mitochondria, thin filaments, and a Golgi complex. Charcot-Böttcher…

The preparation of routine sections of bone after embedding requires the prior removal of calcium from the bone. As occasionally an unexpected underlying neoplastic process may be found, we routinely…

OVERVIEW OF TROPHOBLASTIC SUBPOPULATIONS AND PATHOGENESIS OF TROPHOBLASTIC NEOPLASIA Trophoblast plays a crucial role in implantation and placentation. It exhibits a number of unique properties in accordance with its wide…

The cytologic characteristics of benign melanocytes or nevus cells are often variable. A comparison of the nuclear features of melanocytes with the features of adjacent normal keratinocyte or endothelial cell…