Bright Red Blood per Rectum
Disease Etiologies Risk factors Clinical presentation Diverticulosis (30–50 %) Arterial bleed from vasa recta at base of diverticula Advanced age, lack of fiber, obesity Painless bright red blood per rectum…
GENERAL SURGERY
Aural Fullness, Hearing Loss, and Tinnitus
Diagnosis History and physical Acute otitis media (AOM) Otalgia, fever, bulging and erythematous TM with decreased mobility, poor light reflex; duration < 3 weeks Otitis media with effusion (OME) Middle ear effusion…
Abdominal Pain, Nausea, and Vomiting
Fig. 2.1 Upright abdominal x-ray showing air-fluid levels consistent with small bowel obstruction Diagnosis What Is the Differential Diagnosis and What Clues on History and Physical Exam Might Direct you…
Chest Pain and Syncope
Condition Comments Aortic dissection Acute, tearing chest pain radiating to the back, associated with hypertension, Marfan’s; can present with stroke, MI, tamponade, acute aortic insufficiency; CXR-wide mediastinum Aortic regurgitation Diastolic…
Chest Pain, Diaphoresis, and Nausea
Diagnosis Comments Aortic dissection Acute, tearing chest pain radiating to the back, associated with hypertension and Marfan’s syndrome, can present with stroke, MI, tamponade, acute aortic insufficiency, CXR: widened mediastinum…
Ileocolonoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Indications of ileocolonoscopy for IBD Correct diagnosis of IBD Differential diagnosis of IBD Assessment of disease extent and severity Assessment of disease activity Assessment of response to treatments (therapeutic monitoring)…
Surgery in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Short segments: <10 cm Heineke-Mikulicz (HM) strictureplasty Judd strictureplasty Moskel-Walske-Neumayer strictureplasty Intermediate segments: 10–25 cm Finney strictureplasty Jaboulay strictureplasty Long segments: >25 cm (side-to-side isoperistaltic strictureplasty) Michelassi’s strictureplasty Poggioli strictureplasty…
Small Bowel Endoscopy
Distribution Discontinuous pattern of inflammation Skip lesions Ulcerous lesion Longitudinal ulcer (mesenteric side) Fissuring ulcer Round ulcer (longitudinal arrangement) Aphthous ulcer (longitudinal arrangement) Elevated lesion Cobblestone appearance Inflammatory polyp Deformity…
Extraintestinal Manifestations
Fig. 11.1 A minor aphthous ulcer on the tongue (a) and a major aphthous ulcer on the lip (b) Fig. 11.2 Common mimicker of aphthous ulcer, (a) oral lichen planus…
