Liquids, liquid crystals, and ionic liquids PREVIEW OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS Real gas molecules have a finite volume and condense into liquids. Liquids possess short-range order but long-range disorder, which is…
Light–matter interactions: Lasers, laser spectroscopy, and photodynamics PREVIEW OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS Lasing occurs between levels with a population inversion when stimulated emission triggers the coherent generation of photons. Lasing occurs…
Non-ideal gases and intermolecular interactions PREVIEW OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS The cause of non-ideal behavior is intermolecular interactions. There are a number of interactions that change the energy of molecules and…
Solids, nanoparticles, and interfaces PREVIEW OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS Either gases or liquids can condense to form solids. Solids form either crystalline or amorphous (glassy) structures. Solid crystalline materials are classified…
Introduction Much of chemistry is motivated by asking ‘how’. How do I make a primary alcohol? React a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde. How do I get a solution containing phenolphthalein…
A. UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES Figure 3.1 shows the three main reaction manifolds that underlie materials synthesis. The main sources of synthesized materials are oil and minerals. As a general rule, organic…
A. OVERVIEW The technology of glass and ceramics is one of the oldest human activities. The fabrication of food and liquid storage containers from clay and glass, and the production…
A. IMPORTANCE OF SEMICONDUCTORS Semiconductors are found in virtually every technological device, from computers, telephones, radios, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and television screens to medical sensors, smoke detectors, cameras, and automobile…
A. OVERVIEW 1. Passive versus Responsive Optical Materials The optical properties of materials have been important almost from the beginnings of civilization. Windows, decorative glass, and jewelry are well-known examples….
