Bacterial Endotoxin
Bacterial Endotoxin Kimbrell R. Darnell Amy Jo Karren Bacterial endotoxin is a toxic biologic compound of significant medical importance. It is most often broadly characterized as a pyrogen, which describes…
Bioburden Assessment and Tests for Sterility
Bioburden Assessment and Tests for Sterility Martell Winters Trabue Bryans Microbiology is central to all aspects of disinfection, sterilization, and preservation processes, primarily because the overall intent of these processes…
Biological Indicators, Chemical Indicators, and Parametric Release
Biological Indicators, Chemical Indicators, and Parametric Release Richard Bancroft The number of microorganisms can decrease exponentially during exposure to a steady-state disinfection or sterilization process; only by infinite exposure to…
Antimicrobial Test Methods in the European Union
Antimicrobial Test Methods in the European Union Lionel Pineau In Europe, any biocidal product falling under the scope of European Medical Devices Directive (MDD) 93/42/EEC1 and, in the future, the…
Disinfectant Efficacy Testing
Disinfectant Efficacy Testing Dan Klein Disinfectant test methods vary considerably depending on their scope and applicability and can be difficult to generalize (see chapter 5). Disinfectant testing is not solely…
Control and Monitoring of Microbiological Quality in Nonsterile Manufacturing Facilities
Control and Monitoring of Microbiological Quality in Nonsterile Manufacturing Facilities Amy Jo Karren In the health care industry, there is minimal guidance and, in fact, standards do not exist for…
Disinfection and Biosecurity in the Prevention and Control of Disease in Veterinary Medicine
Disinfection and Biosecurity in the Prevention and Control of Disease in Veterinary Medicine Patrick J. Quinn Bryan K. Markey Finola C. Leonard Eamonn S. FitzPatrick Strategies for limiting the impact…
Standard Microbiological Methods for Antimicrobial Products in North America
Standard Microbiological Methods for Antimicrobial Products in North America Scott Steinagel Elaine Black Products used for the reduction and elimination of microorganisms, known broadly as antimicrobial products, have become part…
Groundwater Purification
Groundwater Purification Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff Chris Brown Water purification is the process by which undesired chemical compounds, organic and inorganic materials, as well as biological contaminants are removed from water….
Disinfection of Contact Lenses
Disinfection of Contact Lenses Manal M. Gabriel Donald G. Ahearn Soft contact lenses and rigid gas-permeable lenses have provided a practical and safe alternative for eyeglasses. Successful contact lens wear…
