Environmental Diseases and Injuries
Environmental Diseases In the following pages the most common environmental diseases will be presented. They will be divided according to the causative factor. Basic Physics Definitions Definitions below will be…
Global Toxicology
General Principles Within developed countries, regulatory and engineering controls have largely limited the population’s exposure to many fatal pesticides and industrial toxins; however, worldwide, poisoning accounts for substantial morbidity and…
Nutritional Diseases of Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Introduction Nutrition is a fundamental domain of global health; it is fundamental to the health of individuals, the stability of populations, and the academic discipline that is global health. Nutrition…
Bites and Stings
Bites Reptiles A. Snakes 1. Overview: Snake venom often has both hemotoxic and neurotoxic properties, but one usually predominates over another according to the species. Of all snakebites, 25% to…
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Diseases Characterized by Genital, Anal, orPerianal Ulcers 1. General Management a. Genital herpes, syphilis, and chancroid have been associated with an increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and…
Global Infectious Diseases: Four Steps Toward a Differential Diagnosis
Symptoms and Signs Fever 1. Etiologies to think about a. Malaria, visceral leishmaniasis, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas’ disease, relapsing fever, rickettsial infections, arboviral diseases (e.g., dengue fever), rabies, typhoid/paratyphoid, leptospirosis, tuberculosis,…
Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
Introduction Although most routine microbiology diagnostic laboratories process specimens for the diagnosis of parasitic infections, there are no best practice guidelines either for processing or for referral to specialist centers….
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) contribute to the majority of reportable communicable diseases worldwide. More than a million STIs are acquired every day worldwide, with an estimated 357 million new…
HIV Infection
Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States has evolved over the past three decades from an untreatable illness that predictably led to death to a chronic disease…
Bacteremia
What Is Bacteremia? Human blood is supposed to be a sterile environment. Bacteremia is defined as the presence and detection of bacteria in blood. The body has several defense mechanisms…
