Fig. 4.1 Development of paralysis. A mouse hemidiaphragm was continuously stimulated via the phrenic nerve at a frequency of 1 Hz. After equilibration, the muscle was exposed to 1 ng/ml botulinum neurotoxin…
Fig. 1.1 Justinus Kerner; photograph of 1855. Kerner again disputed that an inorganic agent such as hydrocyanic acid could be the toxic agent in the sausages, suspecting a biological poison…
HSA, human serum albumin; SNAP-25, synaptosomal associated protein-25; VAMP-2, vesicle-associated membrane protein-2. Onset and duration of action Clinical effects of BoNTs develop gradually and are typically evident within a week…
Chapter 2 Botulinum neurotoxin: history of clinical development Daniel Truong and Mark Hallett Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy, 2nd edition, ed. Daniel Truong, Mark Hallett, Christopher Zachary and Dirk Dressler….
Herb/nutrient-drug interactions NOTES ASSUMPTIONS The following assumptions were made when collating and assessing information for this table: • The clinical significance of many interactions is still unknown because controlled trials…
Herb–drug interactions INTRODUCTION Complementary medicines such as herbal medicines are available through a variety of channels such as supermarkets, pharmacies, health-food stores, clinic rooms, internet sites and mail order companies….
Principles of herbal medicine INTRODUCTION Throughout human history, people have relied on nature to provide their basic needs. Plants in particular have been a source of clothing, shelter, food, flavours…
Chapter 20 Regulatory affairs I. Hägglöf, Å Holmgren Introduction This chapter introduces the reader to the role of the regulatory affairs (RA) department of a pharmaceutical company, outlining the process…
Chapter 10 Metabolism and pharmacokinetic optimization strategies in drug discovery P. Ballard, P. Brassil, K H. Bui, H. Dolgos, C. Petersson, A. Tunek, P J H. Webborn Introduction Optimization of…
Chapter 22 Drug discovery and development facts and figures H P. Rang, R G. Hill In this chapter we present summary information about the costs, timelines and success rates of…
