Fig. 31.1 State-of-the-art medical linear accelerator (a) and a patient dose distribution generated by a treatment technique called RapidArc (b). Small animal conformal radiotherapy system at Stanford University based on a…
Fig. 12.1 Affibody-binding proteins: library and target binding. Illustration of the three-helix bundle affibody protein scaffold Z in band representation (green), with the 13 positions randomized during affibody protein library constructions…
Engineered nanostructure Stem cell Differentiated cell Proposed mechanism Reference LBL-assembled SWCNT/PEI polyelectrolyte composite mNSCs Neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes Chemical structure better suitable as neural electrode [36] LBL-assembled SWCNT/laminin composite mNSCs Neurons…
Fig. 5.1 The types of neural scaffolds are shown on the left-hand side of the diagram, and the components of tissue-engineered nerve grafts are shown on the right-hand side. Adapted with…
Name Amino acids Topology Typical paratope Stability (T m , °C) Parental Binders Knottin 20–50 Knotted 3-disulfide core Loop 1 ~100 N.d. Affibody 58 Triple α-helical bundle 13 amino acids…
Fig. 20.1 Near-infrared (NIR) window tissue absorption coefficients. Between the wavelengths of approximately 700–900 nm, the oxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (DeoxyHb), water, and lipid absorption spectra reach a minimum; this makes…
Fig. 18.1 Viral vector designs 18.2.1.1 Retroviral Vectors Retroviruses are enveloped RNA viruses of 80–130 nm in diameter with a genome size of 8–11 kilobases (kb) [11]. Retroviral genomes are made up…
Fig. 25.1 Examples of established delivery systems. Physical techniques such as electroporation and microinjection, viral vectors in the form of retrovirus or adenovirus, as well as non-viral vectors which include liposomes,…
Fig. 21.1 Schematic illustrating the biomedical applications of MNPs 21.2 Separation of Biological Samples MNPs functionalized with biologically specific components such as antibodies offer a unique opportunity to control and extract…
Species Peak wavelength (nm) Size (kDa) Native substrate Co-factors Native subcellular localization Reference Photinus pyralis 560 62 D-luciferin ATP, O2 Intracellular (peroxisomes) [91] Phrixothrix hirtus 622 61 D-luciferin ATP, O2…
