Physiology
a. Cortisol b. Estrogen c. Insulin d. PTH e. Thyroxine 468. A 22-year-old woman presents with a recurrent vaginal candidiasis that is refractory to nystatin treatment. Diabetes screening shows elevated…
Neurologic System
Penlight Familiar objects (coins, keys, paper clip) Sterile needles Cotton wisp Tongue blades (one intact and one broken with pointed and rounded edges) Cup of water Tuning forks, 200 to…
Musculoskeletal System
Goniometer Skin-marking pencil Reflex hammer Tape measure EXAMINATION Begin examination as patient enters rooms, observing gait and posture. During examination, note ease of movement when patient walks, sits, rises, takes…
Ears, Nose, and Throat
Otoscope with pneumatic attachment Tuning fork (512-1024 Hz) Nasal speculum Tongue blades Gloves Gauze Penlight, sinus transilluminator, or light from otoscope EXAMINATION Have patient sit. TECHNIQUE FINDINGS EARS Inspect auricles and…
Skin, Hair, and Nails
Centimeter ruler (flexible, clear) Flashlight with transilluminator Wood’s lamp (to view fluorescing lesions) Handheld magnifying lens (optional) EXAMINATION Cutaneous Color Changes TECHNIQUE FINDINGS Pigmented nevi. Nonpigmented striae. Freckles. Birthmarks….
Female Genitalia
Drapes Speculum Gloves Water-soluble lubricant Lamp or light source Specimen collection equipment such as: • Sterile cotton swabs • Glass slides • Wooden or plastic spatula • Cervical brush devices…
Chest and Lungs
Drape Skin-marking pencil Ruler and tape measure Stethoscope with bell and diaphragm EXAMINATION Have patient sit, disrobed to waist. Thoracic landmarks. A, Anterior thorax. B, Right lateral thorax. C, Posterior…
