Liver disease
6 Liver disease Chapter Contents Investigations 175 Jaundice 177 Viral hepatitis 179 Cirrhosis and its complications 188 Chronic liver disorders 190 Drugs and the liver 194 Investigations Most of the…
Kidney and urinary tract disease
10 Kidney and urinary tract disease Chapter Contents Approach to the patient 327 Evaluation of renal function 329 Urinary tract infection 332 Glomerular disease 333 Renal hypertension 346 Renal stone…
Endocrine disease
15 Endocrine disease Chapter Contents Pituitary disorders 565 Thyroid disorders 569 Reproduction and sexual disorders 575 Acromegaly 578 Cushing’s syndrome 580 Adrenal insufficiency 582 Long-term steroid therapy 584 Diabetes insipidus…
Environmental medicine
19 Environmental medicine Chapter Contents Heat 697 Cold 698 Drowning and near-drowning 699 Ionizing radiation 700 Electric shock 701 Bioterrorism/biowarfare 701 Heat Body core temperature (TCore) is maintained at 37°C…
Gastrointestinal disease
5 Gastrointestinal disease Chapter Contents Symptoms 133 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 139 Other oesophageal disorders 142 Peptic ulcer disease 144 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage 145 Malabsorption 154 Inflammatory bowel disease 156 Colonic and…
Human immune deficiency virus and AIDS
3 Human immune deficiency virus and AIDS Chapter Contents Introduction 95 Pathogenesis 95 Disease manifestations ofHIV infection 96 Approach to the patient 97 Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) 100 Opportunistic…
Models of Natural Selection
6.1 How Does Natural Selection Work? A common approach to natural selection in biology classes is to simulate the process using laboratory organisms such as fruit flies, whose short generation…
Genetic Drift
. We can also use probability theory to make some general statements about the likelihood of a set of events occurring. For example, if we flip 10 coins, how many…
