ERA in hearing screening in neonates and infants
12 ERA in hearing screening in neonates and infants CLINICAL PROBLEM There is general agreement about the desirability of early detection and management of hearing loss. Even a comparatively mild…
Middle-latency responses (MLR)
8 Middle-latency responses (MLR) INTRODUCTION Middle-latency responses (MLR) recorded from the scalp have latencies in the range 10–50 ms. Some of the potentials are of myogenic origin, and most respond…
ERA in neuro-otologic diagnosis
15 ERA in neuro-otologic diagnosis CLINICAL PROBLEM The ERA tests are valuable in differentiating cochlear from retrocochlear hearing loss, confirming lesions, and detecting unsuspected retrocochlear pathology (Robinson & Rudge 1983)….
ERA in the ‘difficult-to-test child’
13 ERA in the ‘difficult-to-test child’ CLINICAL PROBLEM Until the infant is 4 months of age, the quality of the auditory responses is little dependent on mental development, and only…
Other long latency responses
10 Other long latency responses GENERATORS Of these other responses, the one that is most useful in the auditory field is the vertex positive component P3 or P300 with a…
Electrically evoked potentials in cochlear stimulation
18 Electrically evoked potentials in cochlear stimulation CLINICAL PROBLEM Population Electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve with unipolar and bipolar electrode systems has been devised as a cochlear prosthesis in…
Comparative assessment of ERA threshold techniques
11 Comparative assessment of ERA threshold techniques In order to apply the numerous ERA techniques appropriately, it is important to know their comparative merits in particular clinical situations. The clinical…
The slow vertex response (SVR)
9 The slow vertex response (SVR) INTRODUCTION The slow vertex response (SVR), or V potential, arises from the cortical structures. Its main clinical application is in threshold estimation. It is…
Current developments in ERA
19 Current developments in ERA In many areas electric response audiometry is an established and clinically useful tool. Its range of application is increasing into many different aspects. DEVELOPMENTS IN…
ERA in investigation of neurological disorders
16 ERA in investigation of neurological disorders MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Clinical problem The clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is made on the evidence of two or more lesions in the CNS…
