Usually protozoan ( Microsporidia, Cryptosporidia ) or helminth (liver fluke, schistosomiasis, ascariasis) Etiology/Pathogenesis • Cryptosporidium species • Trematodes • Nematodes Clinical Issues • Protozoal infection usually seen in context of AIDS (AIDS cholangiopathy) Can…
Often associated with elevated serum IgG4 Similar fibroinflammatory process often affects other organs such as bile ducts, salivary glands, retroperitoneum, and lymph nodes • Associated with many other autoimmune diseases; ANA…
Form of noncirrhotic portal hypertension Etiology/Pathogenesis • Associated with conditions that cause increased vascular resistance at presinusoidal level Genetic predisposition Chronic exposure to toxins and medications Prothrombotic states Autoimmune disorders Many…
Should be considered in immunocompromised patients with pancreatitis Pancreatic involvement is usually mild in cases of systemic infection • Acute infection of pancreas is usually secondary event Occurs in 40-70% of…
Changes on liver biopsy are secondary to obstructive biliary process Usually clinical and radiographic diagnosis – Liver biopsy often unnecessary unless clinical findings/radiographic studies equivocal or misleading Etiology/Pathogenesis • Multifactorial Gallstones, neoplasms/masses,…
Noncirrhotic background liver • Central stellate scar with radiating septa Microscopic • Localized nodular parenchyma with fibrous septa and stellate central scar Septa contain thick-walled vessels and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate • Ductular reaction…
Manifestations vary with severity and rapidity of ischemic insult Causes include arterial thrombosis, surgical injury, hypotension Clinical Issues • Prognosis varies depending on rapidity and extent of ischemic insult Severe acute…
No grossly visible mucin Clinical Issues • Very rare entity • Majority are discovered incidentally • Age Range: 36-79 years Average: 59 years • Presentation Similar to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) – Symptomatic cases…
Results in bile duct ischemia, hepatic parenchymal infarction – Bile ducts depend on arterial flow and therefore suffer ischemic injury Clinical Issues • Relatively well tolerated in native livers Anastomosing blood supply…
Prolonged storage in preservation solutions • Warm ischemia Compromised blood flow to liver at body temperature before and during harvesting Resumption of blood flow after implantation Clinical Issues • Elevation of serum…
