Light, Eyes and Vision
Fig. 11.1 Structure of the eye: a sagittal section, b three-dimensional perspective (From [59]) The adult cornea is 0.52 mm thick in the center and 0.65 mm thick in the periphery, and…
Sound, Speech, and Hearing
1–10 MHz), way above our hearing range (20–20 kHz), that provides images with the very useful spatial resolution of 1 mm [51, 72]. Waves are sent to an object and reflected , with…
Electrical and Magnetic Properties
Bioelectric signal Typical amplitude Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG, heart) 1 mV Electroencephalogram (EEG, brain waves) 10–100 V Electromyogram (EMG, muscle) 300 V Transmembrane potential 100 mV Electro-oculogram (EOG, eye) 500 V Using data from [3, 16 ]…
Fluid Pressure, Fluid Flow in the Body, and Motion in Fluids
100 m. In this chapter we will discuss the concept of pressure as it relates to fluids in the body. For example, the pressure of the vitreous humor in the eyeball…
Statics of the Body
can be resolved into components in the x, y, and z directions (). In a static condition the sum of the forces in each the x, y, and z directions…
Lungs and Breathing
6 L/min of air, which is the ventilation or inhalation rate. (This is comparable to the 5–6 L of blood pumped per min in the pulmonary circulation through the lungs, which is…
Terminology, the Standard Human, and Scaling
Fig. 1.1 Directions, orientations, and planes used to describe the body in anatomy, along with common coordinate systems described in the text. We will assume both terms in the following…
Feedback and Control
, K, and Ca, (f) volume, (g) osmolality (water/dissolved particle ratio), and (h) the organic nutrient concentrations, such as glucose. Fig. 13.1 Control of the respiratory (ventilation) system during exercise….
Epithelial Cell Abnormalities: Squamous
Fig. 5.1 Nuclear area (LBP, ThinPrep). The nuclear area of an intermediate squamous cell is approximately 35 μm2. This is used as a reference to measure abnormal squamous cells such…
