ValueReference ranges Serum bilirubin (mmol/L)1102–24 Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)65030–110 Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)240<45 A. Granulomatous changes of hepatocytes B. Fatty changes of the liver parenchyma C. Piecemeal necrosis and fibrosis around portal…
ValueReference range Cardiac output (L/min)4.15.2–7.4 Central venous pressure (mmHg)92–6 Right atrial pressure (mmHg)101–5 Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg)4015–25 Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mmHg)45–12 5. A 70-year-old woman is hypotensive and…
A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. Autosomal dominant with sex limitation D. X-linked dominant E. X-linked recessive Clinical 9. Which one of the following statements concerning familial adenomatous polyposis…
A. Bullous pemphigoid B. Cutaneous lichen planus C. Dermatitis herpetiforms D. Eczema E. Porphyria cutanea tarda 6. Which one of the following factors is most important in determining the prognosis…
ValueReference range Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (s)7926–38 APTT correction (immediate mix) (s)3826–38 APTT correction (2-h incubation) (s)7926–38 International normalised ratio (INR)1.10.9–1.2 Fibrinogen (g/L)3.22.0–4.0 A. Von Willebrand disease B. Disseminated…
Opening pressure 10 cmH20 Lymphocyte count 4 × 106/L (<5 × 106/L) Glucose 3.8 mmol/L (serum glucose 5.6 mmol/L) Total protein 0.33 g/L (0.10–0.65 g/L) Gram stain No organisms seenAdditional laboratory investigations show normal…
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is primarily responsible for clozapine metabolism. Agents that induce cytochrome CYP1A2, such as tobacco cigarette smoke, will increase the metabolism of clozapine. Tobacco smokers may require…
The absolute bioavailability of a drug, when administered by an extravascular route, is the fraction of the dose that reaches the systemic circulation as intact drug, which is usually less…
3. Toll-like receptors function in which one of the following? A. Regulation of B-cell activation by antigen binding B. Activation of the complement pathway C. Recognition of microorganisms by the…
