Anatomy and Physiology of the Small Intestine
Figure 48-1. Arterial blood supply to the duodenum. Following its embryologic origins, the vascular supply to the duodenum arises from branches of the celiac trunk for the foregut portion, whereas…
Neck Injuries
Figure 23-1. Zones of the neck. The inferior and lateral extensions of zone I are often contested and debated. While this is not well described, our practice is to classify…
Hemostasis
Figure 6-1. Primary hemostasis is achieved initially with a platelet aggregation as illustrated. Note that platelet adhesion, shape change, granule release, followed by recruitment and the hemostatic plug at the…
Vascular Infection
Figure 88-1. Proposed mechanism of Staphylococcus epidermidis–mediated graft infection. MICROBIOLOGY Primary Arterial Infections For infected aortic aneurysms, blood cultures are negative in approximately one-fourth of subjects.4 Intraoperative cultures are more…
Clinical Transplant Immunology
Figure 34-1. The signal hypothesis of T-cell activation and molecular targets of modern clinical immunosuppression. T-cell activation requires three signals to initiate an effector response: antigen presentation of nonself MHC,…
Trauma in Pregnancy
The main priorities in prehospital care continue to be the avoidance of hypoxia and hypotension in the mother. Maintenance of an adequate airway, as well as provision of supplemental oxygen,…
Measuring the Quality of Surgical Care
The Leapfrog Group, a coalition of large employers and healthcare purchasers, has issued perhaps the most visible set of surgical quality indicators for its value-based purchasing initiative. Although originally focused…
Obesity and Metabolic Disease
Figure 4-1. Interactions between environment and genetics dictate phenotype. A: Environment alters genetics over millennia, while the effects of environment on epigenetics take place over generations. In the case of…
