Anorectal Disorders
Figure 70-1. Fascial attachments of the rectum. Understanding the various types of epithelium within the anal canal is important for the diagnosis of both benign and malignant conditions of the…
Parathyroid Glands
Figure 76-1. Schematic illustration of the location of the superior (A) and inferior (B) parathyroid glands from 503 autopsy studies. The more common locations are indicated by the shaded areas….
Renal and Splanchnic Vascular Disease
Splanchnic venous anatomy parallels the arterial system to drain into the portal venous system. The splenic and superior mesenteric veins join to form the portal vein. Hepatic venous blood is…
Lung Neoplasms
Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation also appear to participate in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer. In particular gene promoter inactivation by hypermethylation may be an important mechanism in the inactivation…
Neoplasms of Exocrine Pancreas
Figure 55-1. U.S. pancreatic cancer new cases, death rate, and 5-year survival. Adapted from EER Cancer Statistics Factsheets: Pancreas Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/pancreas.html. Accessed March 10, 2016….
Crohn Disease
Figure 50-1. Terminal ileum with forceps pointing to intraloop chronic abscess cavity. Clinical Evaluation Small Bowel The distribution of disease will in large part dictate the clinical presentation. The terminal…
Anesthesiology and Pain Management
Muscle Relaxants 2 To prevent movement and to facilitate the surgical exposure, neuromuscular blocking agents are generally used. These drugs are competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at…
Preoperative Risk Assessment
Figure 15-1. Variation in surgical mortality. These circumstances influence both institutional and overall health care delivery. The overwhelming health care spending burden adds pressure to provide efficient, high-quality care. Hospital…
The Spleen
The 20th century brought technical advances in terms of hemostasis and blood transfusion as well as an understanding of the pathophysiology of splenic function.4 The spleen was identified as the…
