Figure 60.1 Allergen-induced inflammation and bronchospasm in asthma. Pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Symptoms of COPD result largely from two pathologic processes: chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In most cases, both…
Figure 36.1 Regulation of blood pressure by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In addition to the mechanisms depicted, angiotensin II can raise blood pressure by (1) acting on the distal nephron to promote reabsorption…
Insulin Preparations Insulin lispro (short duration, rapid acting) Regular insulin (short duration, slower acting) NPH insulin (intermediate duration) Insulin glargine (long duration) Biguanide Metformin Sulfonylurea Glyburide Meglitinide (Glinide) Repaglinide Thiazolidinedione…
Figure 4.1 The four basic pharmacokinetic processes. Dotted lines represent membranes that must be crossed as drugs move throughout the body. Application of Pharmacokinetics in Pharmacotherapeutics By applying knowledge of pharmacokinetics to…
Figure 84.1 Anatomy of the normal eye. Pathophysiology and Treatment Overview Patient Education Glaucoma • It is important to take the prescribed medications according to schedule. If days are skipped…
Advise patients to apply the drug with a finger cot or rubber glove to avoid viral transfer to other body sites or other people. Inform patients with herpes simplex genitalis…
Figure 59.1 Bone remodeling cycle. A, Quiescent bone with lining cells covering the surface. B, Resorption of old bone by multinucleated osteoclasts. C, Osteoblasts migrate to the absorption site. D, Osteoblasts deposit…
*Drug possesses more than one mechanism of action Suppression of Sodium Influx Before discussing AED actions, we need to review sodium channel physiology. Neuronal action potentials are propagated by influx…
Figure 62.1 The relationship of mucosal defenses and aggressive factors to health and peptic ulcer disease. When aggressive factors outweigh mucosal defenses, gastritis and peptic ulcers result. NSAIDs, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Defensive…
Figure 85.1 Anatomy of the skin. A, Major structures of the skin. B, Growth layers of the epidermis. Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is composed almost…
