Grade 3 tumors: Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (small or large cell type) Tumor in Ampullary RegionLow-power view shows a well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm infiltrating the ampullary region. The overlying mucosa is…
Usually in context of inflammatory process Reportedly 2nd most common type of gallbladder polyp • Metaplastic polyp, mucosal hyperplasia, inflammatory polyp, localized papillary hyperplasia • Historically, a.k.a. metaplastic polyp, mucosal hyperplasia, inflammatory…
Ductal plate malformation Biliary microhamartoma Etiology/Pathogenesis • Developmental malformation resulting from aberrant construction/remodeling of embryonic bile ducts Majority are sporadic Also associated with several fibropolycystic liver diseases Clinical Issues • Reportedly occurs…
Eventually destroys hepatic parenchyma Solid, epithelioid, and spindled areas may be present • Immunopositive for vascular markers: CD31, CD34, factor VIII • Nuclear staining for transcription factors FLI-1 and ERG helps in…
Depending on severity of portal hypertension, biliary infection, and renal disease Microscopic • Marked portal expansion by fibrous tissue Portal-to-portal bridging fibrosis with broad septa • Increased number of irregularly shaped, ectatic,…
Liver Pancreas Heart Thyroid Minor salivary glands • Abnormal iron studies • Liver and multiorgan failure Macroscopic • Shrunken liver • Cirrhosis Microscopic • Marked lobular necrosis with collapse • Regenerative nodules • Pseudoacinar formation • Intracanalicular bile…
Inflammation may be sparse in early disease Edema and congestion seen in early disease • Inflammation dominated by neutrophils and variable necrosis in later stages of disease • Widespread fibroblastic proliferation can…
One of most common gastrointestinal diseases worldwide – Particularly common in Scandinavia, Chile – In United States, estimated 10-20% of population have gallstones • 2 main types: Cholesterol stones and pigment stones Cholesterol…
Most often gram-negative infection • Mechanisms uncertain but probably involve decreased activity and expression of canalicular and sinusoidal transporters Clinical Issues • Patients are systemically ill and typically jaundiced • Enzyme elevations may…
