Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx
Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx Heather N. Wright James S. Lewis Jr. I. NORMAL ANATOMY A. Nasal cavity. The normal sinonasal region consists of the central nasal cavity, paired…
Oral Cavity and Oropharynx
Oral Cavity and Oropharynx Rebecca D. Chernock James S. Lewis Jr. I. NORMAL ANATOMY A. Oral cavity. The anterior aspect of the oral cavity extends from the mucocutaneous junction (vermilion…
Meiotic Nondisjunction: Insights into the Origin and Significance of Aneuploidy in Human Spermatozoa
Fig. 1.1 Human pachytene spermatocyte demonstrating synapsis of homologous chromosome pairs and sites of meiotic recombination (chiasmata). The protein complex (synaptonemal complex) that forms the physical connection between homologous chromosomes…
Damage to Sperm DNA Mediated by Reactive Oxygen Species: Its Impact on Human Reproduction and the Health Trajectory of Offspring
Fig. 2.1 Potential origins of genetic and epigenetic changes in the germ line. The “aberrant repair hypothesis” essentially posits that a variety of clinical, biological, lifestyle, and environmental factors including…
Small RNAs: Their Possible Roles in Reproductive Failure
Fig. 3.1 MicroRNA biogenesis is initiated via the activity of RNA polymerase II resulting in synthesis of a primary miRNA transcript (Pri-miRNA) that is both capped and polyadenylated. The appropriate…
Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Within the Male Reproductive System: Implications for Reproduction
HLA-G function HLA-G isoforms involved Immune cells involved References Inhibition of NK- and T-cell-mediated cell lysis Primarily HLA-G1 and HLA-G5 Also shown for the other alternatively spliced HLA-G isoforms (HLA-G2…
Prostasomes: Their Characterisation: Implications for Human Reproduction
Fig. 9.1 Ultrastructure of prostasomes. (a) Thin-section transmission electron microscopy (EM) image of human prostasomes isolated from seminal plasma. Prostasomes display rounded structures with varied sizes more or less filled…
The Role of Uterine NK Cells in Normal Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders
Blois SM, Klapp BF, Barrientos G (2011) Decidualization and angiogenesis in early pregnancy: unravelling the functions of DC and NK cells. J Reprod Immunol 88:86–92PubMed Broudy VC (1997) Stem cell…
Role of Seminal Plasma in Human Female Reproductive Failure: Immunomodulation, Inflammation, and Infections
Fig. 7.1 Origin of seminal plasma components 7.2 Beneficial Effects of Immunomodulatory and Proinflammatory Factors in Human Seminal Plasma Seminal plasma contains very high concentrations of two potent immunomodulatory factors,…
