Fig. 5.1 Collagen Biosynthesis: It involves synthesis of pro-α and β chains, self-assembly of pro-collagens, secretion, cleavage of pro-peptides and self-assembly into fibril Decorin (Li et al. 1992), lumican (Blochberger…
Fig. 1.1 Picture showing boxwoods recovered from the shipwrecked Relitto del Pozzino can be seen on display at the Archaeological Museum of Populonia in Piombino, Italy The boat was found…
Fig. 19.1 Anatomy of the eye and the biological barriers of the eye (tight barriers are indicated in red, others in green; route of elimination). The main pathway for drugs…
1. Corneal preservation media 2. Tattooing solution 3. Acid and alkali burn 4. Vitreolytic agents and replacement agent 5. Ocular use of immunosuppressants 6. Local anesthetics 7. Contact lens solution…
Fig. 3.1 Schematic representation of the fate of topically applied drugs on the eye and their disposition 3.2.2 Pre-corneal Factors Affecting Ocular Penetration of Drugs after Topical Application In the…
Preservatives (type) Example Mechanism/property Concern/Advantage Detergents Benzalkonium chloride (0.001–0.02%) Disrupts microbial cell membrane due to its charge-related binding. Excellent disinfectant activity and wide spectrum Disrupts corneal and conjunctival cell and…
Fig. 7.1 Aqueous humor (AH) outflow pathway (abbreviation: CE corneal epithelium, CEn corneal endothelium, SC Schlemm’s canal, TM trabecular meshwork) Table 7.1 Classification of drugs, their target, and expected pharmacological…
S. no. Ocular condition Herbs reported to have beneficial effect 1 Dry eye Natural polymer (gum) from tamarind seed, curcumin 2. Glaucoma Foeniculum vulgare, Lycium barbarum, Gingko biloba, Coleus forskohlii,…
Drug Route Dosing Indication Amphotericin B Topical 1.5–5 mg/ml First choice in keratitis by yeasts Intrastromal 5–10 μg/0.1 ml Deep keratitis with partial response to topical treatment Intracameral 5–10 μg/0.1…
Fig. 2.1 Schematic of target areas in ocular research 2.3 Anti-VEGF Therapy Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been associated with retinal diseases such as AMD, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of…
