Aspergillosis
236 Histoplasmosis Chadi A. Hage, L. Joseph Wheat ETIOLOGY Histoplasma capsulatum, a thermal dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of histoplasmosis. In most endemic areas, H. capsulatum var. capsulatum is…
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances and Acid-Base Disturbances: Case Examples
POLYURIA By history, it is often difficult for patients to distinguish urinary frequency (often of small volumes) from true polyuria (>3 L/d), and a quantification of volume by 24-h urine…
Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections
The first widespread use of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenC) came in 1999 in the United Kingdom after a rise in serogroup C disease. A mass vaccination campaign involving…
Filarial and Related Infections
It is now appreciated that genotypes of T. gondii prevalent in South America may be more virulent than those typically seen in North America or Europe. These genotypes may be…
Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
POLYURIA By history, it is often difficult for patients to distinguish urinary frequency (often of small volumes) from true polyuria (>3 L/d), and a quantification of volume by 24-h urine…
Intestinal Nematode Infections
It is now appreciated that genotypes of T. gondii prevalent in South America may be more virulent than those typically seen in North America or Europe. These genotypes may be…
Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
236 Histoplasmosis Chadi A. Hage, L. Joseph Wheat ETIOLOGY Histoplasma capsulatum, a thermal dimorphic fungus, is the etiologic agent of histoplasmosis. In most endemic areas, H. capsulatum var. capsulatum is…
Gait and Balance Disorders
PYROGENS The term pyrogen (Greek pyro, “fire”) is used to describe any substance that causes fever. Exogenous pyrogens are derived from outside the patient; most are microbial products, microbial toxins,…
Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebas
247 Amebiasis and Infection with Free-Living Amebas Rosa M. Andrade, Sharon L. Reed AMEBIASIS DEFINITION Amebiasis is an infection with the intestinal protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. About 90% of infections are…
Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
274 The Bradyarrhythmias: Disorders of the Sinoatrial Node David D. Spragg, Gordon F. Tomaselli Electrical activation of the heart normally originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the predominant pacemaker. Other…
