Fig. 6.1 Schematic representation of various layers in blood vessels 6.2 Important Signaling Molecules in Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis Understanding important signaling molecules at each level of development of arteries, veins and…
Class of modification Modification to plasmid backbone Resultant alterations References Increasing antigen expression Gene promoter Increased transcription [92–94] Intronic sequence Increased transcription [95–97] Enhancer/transactivator Increased transcription [62, 99, 100]…
Fig. 3.1 Problems of TCRαβ gene therapy and their solution. a Formation of mispaired TCRαβ. Mispairing between endogenous TCRαβ and introduced TCRαβ may generate specificity for un-intended targets. Shown are the…
Fig. 4.1 Anoikis activation pathways. Lack of adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrins (transmembrane proteins consisting of α- and β-subunits) reduces the anti-apoptotic signals Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. The pro-apoptotic pathways…
Fig. 1.1 An outline of this book, which is organized into 5 parts Part I of this book, which includes Chaps. 2–7, is focused on cell and tissue engineering. Regenerative medicine…
