Basicmedical Key

General Considerations The specimen radiograph is an important guide for specimen processing. In this case, targeted calcifications are near the wire tip. An incidental calcified fibroadenoma is also present. Specimen…

Hamartoma (Fibroadenolipoma) Key Facts Terminology Mammary hamartoma (MH) Synonyms: Fibroadenolipoma, adenolipofibroma Well-circumscribed mass, disorganized overgrowth of mature benign mammary tissues Variously composed of ductal and lobular epithelium and stromal mesenchymal…

Gynecomastoid Hyperplasia Key Facts Terminology Gynecomastoid hyperplasia (GH) Focal occurrence in a female of histologic changes identical to those seen in male gynecomastia Clinical Issues Usual clinical presentation is as…

Gynecomastia Key Facts Terminology Nonneoplastic enlargement of male breast due to hyperplasia of epithelium and stroma Etiology/Pathogenesis Gynecomastia develops due to imbalance in ratio of free androgen to estrogen (variety…

Nonproliferative Changes Key Facts Terminology Benign breast disease (BBD) with nonproliferative changes includes a commonly encountered constellation of pathologic findings Stromal fibrosis Cysts Apocrine metaplasia Calcifications Adenosis Clinical Issues Frequent…

Mastectomies Mastectomies remove all breast tissue in addition to a skin ellipse with nipple (A) and frequently the axillary tail . Skin-sparing (B) and nipple-sparing (C) mastectomies may also be…

Epidemiology: Lesions Conferring Increased Risk of Breast Carcinoma Epithelial hyperplasia is associated with an increased bilateral risk of invasive cancer. Genetic studies suggest that this lesion is not a direct…

Excisions The specimen radiograph is an important guide to the specimen. In this case, there is an invasive carcinoma close to one margin and marked by a prior biopsy clip…

Margins and Reexcisions This invasive ductal carcinoma is closest to the yellow inked margin . A perpendicular margin has been taken. The distance of the invasive carcinoma from the margin…

Juvenile Papillomatosis Key Facts Terminology Rare mass-forming lesion of breast, composed of cysts and epithelial proliferation, occurring in young patients Also termed “Swiss cheese” disease Etiology/Pathogenesis 1/3-2/3 of women with…