Granular Cell Tumor
Granular Cell Tumor Key Facts Terminology Previously termed “granular cell myoblastoma” Tumor thought to arise from Schwann cells, consisting of granular cells (cells with abundant eosinophilic bubbly cytoplasm) Clinical Issues…
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Key Facts Terminology Invasive carcinoma composed of 2 cell populations: Luminal-like cells and myoepithelial-like cells Rare; only 0.1% of breast cancers Clinical Issues Excellent prognosis: 90-100% survival…
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Key Facts Terminology Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is an intraductal proliferation with some, but not all, features of low-grade DCIS Etiology/Pathogenesis Molecular studies support that ADH and…
Radial Sclerosing Lesion/Radial Scar
Radial Sclerosing Lesion/Radial Scar Key Facts Terminology Radial sclerosing lesion (RSL) Radially organized combination of epithelial proliferation, central stromal fibrosis, and sclerosis resulting in mass-like lesion Clinically, mammographically, and pathologically…
Low-Grade Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Low-Grade Adenosquamous Carcinoma Key Facts Terminology Subtype of metaplastic carcinoma consisting of well-formed tubules and nests of squamous cells in background of spindle cells Clinical Issues LGASC is an example…
Duct Ectasia
Duct Ectasia Key Facts Terminology Large subareolar ducts dilate due to loss of elastic fibers with age (“duct ectasia”) If ducts rupture, secretions spill into surrounding tissues resulting in chronic…
Histologic Grade
Histologic Grade Approximately 20% of invasive carcinomas are low grade, characterized by well-formed glands, small uniform nuclei similar in appearance to benign luminal cells , and rare or absent mitoses….
Neuroendocrine/Small Cell Carcinoma
Neuroendocrine/Small Cell Carcinoma Key Facts Terminology WHO classification recognizes 3 categories of NEBC Solid neuroendocrine carcinoma: Most common Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Small cell/oat cell carcinoma: Very rare Carcinomas must…
Invasive Papillary Carcinoma
Invasive Papillary Carcinoma Key Facts Terminology Invasive papillary carcinoma (IPC) Invasive carcinomas consisting predominantly of papillae with fibrovascular cores “Papillary carcinoma” includes invasive papillary carcinoma, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, solid papillary…
Expression Profiling, mRNA
Expression Profiling, mRNA GEP is performed by mixing labeled tumor RNA with reference RNA and hybridizing to complementary sequences. Relative RNA expression may be increased (red), decreased (green), or unchanged…
