Coagulase-positive: S. aureusCoagulase-negative: S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, etc. Gram-positive cocci in pairsStreptococcus pneumoniae Gram-positive cocci in chainsViridans (α-hemolytic) Streptococci (S. milleri, S. mutans, S. salivarius, S….
FIGURE 13-1. The hypothalamus may secrete a releasing hormone in response to low levels of stimulating, inhibitory, or target organ hormone. This releasing hormone causes the release of a stimulating…
FIGURE 8-1. The nephron. Arrows pointing toward the nephron represent substances entering from the peritubular blood or interstitial space. Arrows heading away represent reabsorption. Solid arrows represent an active (energy-requiring)…
FIGURE 12-1. Basic structure of a liver lobule including the lymph flow system comprised of the spaces of Disse and interlobular lymphatics. (Reproduced with permission from Guyton AC. Medical Physiology….
FIGURE 16-1. Relationship between platelets and the clotting cascade in the generation of a stabilized fibrin clot. 5HT = serotonin; ADP = adenosine diphosphate; PF4 = platelet factor 4; TxA2…
FIGURE 11-1. Blood flow through the heart and the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The functional unit of the heart is comprised of a network of noncontractile cells that form the…
FIGURE 6-1. Homeostatic mechanisms involved in sodium, potassium, and water balance. Changes in body water and plasma volume can directly or indirectly affect the serum sodium concentration. For example, as…
Nearly all carbonic acid in the body exists as carbon dioxide gas. Therefore, carbon dioxide is the acid form of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system. When hydrogen ions are released,…
FIGURE 20-1. Distribution of body water in a term newborn infant. (Reproduced, with permission, from Bell EF, Oh W. Fluid and electrolyte management. In: MacDonald MG, Seshia MMK, Mullett MD,…
