Coagulase-positive: S. aureusCoagulase-negative: S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, etc. Gram-positive cocci in pairsStreptococcus pneumoniae Gram-positive cocci in chainsViridans (α-hemolytic) Streptococci (S. milleri, S. mutans, S. salivarius, S….
FIGURE 13-1. The hypothalamus may secrete a releasing hormone in response to low levels of stimulating, inhibitory, or target organ hormone. This releasing hormone causes the release of a stimulating…
FIGURE 8-1. The nephron. Arrows pointing toward the nephron represent substances entering from the peritubular blood or interstitial space. Arrows heading away represent reabsorption. Solid arrows represent an active (energy-requiring)…
FIGURE 12-1. Basic structure of a liver lobule including the lymph flow system comprised of the spaces of Disse and interlobular lymphatics. (Reproduced with permission from Guyton AC. Medical Physiology….
FIGURE 16-1. Relationship between platelets and the clotting cascade in the generation of a stabilized fibrin clot. 5HT = serotonin; ADP = adenosine diphosphate; PF4 = platelet factor 4; TxA2…
FIGURE 11-1. Blood flow through the heart and the pulmonary and systemic circulations. The functional unit of the heart is comprised of a network of noncontractile cells that form the…
FIGURE 6-1. Homeostatic mechanisms involved in sodium, potassium, and water balance. Changes in body water and plasma volume can directly or indirectly affect the serum sodium concentration. For example, as…
FIGURE 20-1. Distribution of body water in a term newborn infant. (Reproduced, with permission, from Bell EF, Oh W. Fluid and electrolyte management. In: MacDonald MG, Seshia MMK, Mullett MD,…
Nearly all carbonic acid in the body exists as carbon dioxide gas. Therefore, carbon dioxide is the acid form of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system. When hydrogen ions are released,…
