S. N. Property Conventional antiserum Monoclonal antibody 1. Determinant Several Single 2. Specificity Variable with animal and bleed Standard Partial cross-reactions with common determinants Unexpected cross-reactions may occur Seldom too…
The concept of edible vaccine got impetus after Arntzen and coworkers expressed HBsAg in tobacco. The first edible vaccine was produced in tobacco in 1990 in which 0.02 % recombinant protein…
Fig. 8.1 Information transfer in the central dogma of biology Proteins perform vital functions in the body such as: Catalyzing various biochemical reactions through enzymes. Acting as messengers through neurotransmitters. Acting…
Fig. 9.1 Symmetric and asymmetric divisions (modified from http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/scireport/chapter1.asp) 9.3.3 Ability to Give Rise to Specialized Cell The ability of stem cells to give rise to specialized cells is a crucial…
Fig. 2.1 The reading pattern of autoradiogram 2.3.2 Sanger Method Frederick Sanger developed an alternative method, rather than using chemical cleavage reactions, Sanger opted for a method involving a third form…
Fig. 7.1 Steps in metagenomic analysis . 7.2 Steps in Metagenomic Analysis 7.2.1 DNA Isolation In general, metagenomic DNA isolation strategy should result in representation from a broad range of organisms….
Fig. 6.1 Hybridization of the target to the probe in DNA microarray (Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray) Fig. 6.2 The steps involved in a microarray experiment (Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_microarray) 6.4 Types and Fabrication of DNA Microarrays…
Vector Host Insert size Plasmid E.coli 5–25 kb λ phage E.coli 35–45 kb P1 phage E.coli 70–100 kb PACs E.coli 100–300kb BACs E.coli <300 kb YACs Saccharomyces cerevisae 200–2000kb Human…
Disease Gene therapy Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) Adenosine deaminase (ADA) Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) Sickle cell anemia β-Globin Hemophilia Factor IX Thalassemia α or β–Globin Peripheral artery…
Fig. 10.1 Schematic diagram of biosensor Biosensor consists of a biological entity such as an enzyme, antibody or nucleic acid that interacts with an analyte and produces a signal that is…
