16 Congestive cardiac failure Instruction Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Dyspnoea on exertion • Past history of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy Examination • Signs…
19 Tricuspid regurgitation Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Intravenous drug abuse • Trauma to the chest • Rheumatic fever • COPD….
13 Angina pectoris Instruction This patient is suspected to have angina pectoris. Would you like to ask her a few questions and perform a relevant examination, to confirm these suspicions?…
32 Permanent cardiac pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator Instruction Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Past history of syncope (Stokes–Adams attacks) and heart block • Dizziness (pacemaker syndrome). Examination •…
24 Patent ductus arteriosus Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Asymptomatic • Bronchitis or dyspnoea on exertion in severe cases • Take…
18 Prosthetic heart valves Instruction Listen to this patient’s heart. Salient features • Mitral valve prostheses can be recognized by their site, metallic first heart sound, normal second heart sound…
15 Jugular venous pulse Instruction Examine this patient’s neck. Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Shortness of breath • Symptoms of right heart failure (leg oedema, ascites)….
12 Gallop rhythm Instruction Listen to the precordium. Examine this patient’s heart. Salient features History • Dyspnoea • Determine NYHA class • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea • Swelling of the feet….
5 Aortic stenosis Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Salient features History • Asymptomatic (many patients do not have symptoms) • Fatigue • Angina (in ~70% of adults; average survival after…
8 Hypertension Instruction This patient has hypertension; would you like to examine her? Salient features History • Chest pain or shortness of breath • Intermittent claudication • Headaches or visual…
