Atrial fibrillation
9 Atrial fibrillation Instruction Examine this patient’s pulse. Salient features History • Palpitations • Pre-syncope, dizziness • Fatigue • Dyspnoea • Asymptomatic and atrial fibrillation (AF) is discovered incidentally •…
Tricuspid regurgitation
19 Tricuspid regurgitation Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Intravenous drug abuse • Trauma to the chest • Rheumatic fever • COPD….
Angina pectoris
13 Angina pectoris Instruction This patient is suspected to have angina pectoris. Would you like to ask her a few questions and perform a relevant examination, to confirm these suspicions?…
Permanent cardiac pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
32 Permanent cardiac pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator Instruction Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Past history of syncope (Stokes–Adams attacks) and heart block • Dizziness (pacemaker syndrome). Examination •…
Patent ductus arteriosus
24 Patent ductus arteriosus Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Asymptomatic • Bronchitis or dyspnoea on exertion in severe cases • Take…
Jugular venous pulse
15 Jugular venous pulse Instruction Examine this patient’s neck. Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Shortness of breath • Symptoms of right heart failure (leg oedema, ascites)….
Prosthetic heart valves
18 Prosthetic heart valves Instruction Listen to this patient’s heart. Salient features • Mitral valve prostheses can be recognized by their site, metallic first heart sound, normal second heart sound…
Gallop rhythm
12 Gallop rhythm Instruction Listen to the precordium. Examine this patient’s heart. Salient features History • Dyspnoea • Determine NYHA class • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea • Swelling of the feet….
Aortic stenosis
5 Aortic stenosis Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Salient features History • Asymptomatic (many patients do not have symptoms) • Fatigue • Angina (in ~70% of adults; average survival after…
Aortic regurgitation
4 Aortic regurgitation Instruction Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Examine this patient’s heart. Salient features History • Asymptomatic (but may have normal or depressed left ventricular function) • Dyspnoea and…
