III UPPER LIMB

Upper Limb


Adult bones of the left upper limb – A from the front; B from behind


Image



1  Head of humerus


2  Lesser tubercle


3  Greater tubercle


4  Interterbercular sulcus


5  Surgical neck


6  Shaft of humerus


7  Radial fossa


8  Coronoid fossa


9  Medial epicondyle


10  Lateral epicondyle


11  Capitulum


12  Trochlea


13  Head of radius


14  Neck of radius


15  Tuberosity


16  Shaft of radius


17  Ulnar notch


18  Styloid process


19  Coronoid process of ulna


20  Supinator crest of ulna


21  Shaft of ulna


22  Head of ulna


23  Eight carpal bones of hand


24  Five (I–V) metacarpal bones of hand


25  Two phalanges of thumb


26  Twelve phalanges of fingers


27  Anatomical neck of humerus


28  Olecranon fossa


29  Dorsal tubercle of radius


30  Olecranon of ulna


31  Styloid process of ulna


Coronal section through the left shoulder joint – from the front


Image



1  Anatomical neck of humerus


2  Greater tubercle of humerus


3  Surgical neck of humerus


4  Deltoid


5  Shaft of humerus


6  Brachial artery and vein


7  Nerves of brachial plexus


8  Tendon of teres major


9  Latissimus dorsi


10  Medial circumflex scapular artery and vein


11  Posterior circumflex artery and vein


12  Axillary nerve


13  Long head of triceps


14  Teres minor


15  Subscapularis


16  Head of scapula


17  Glenoid fossa of scapula


18  Coracoid process of scapula


19  Glenoid labrum


20  Cavity of shoulder joint


21  Head of humerus


22  Neck of scapula


23  Suprascapular nerve


24  Suprascapular vessels


25  Supraspinatus


26  Acromial end of clavicle


27  Acromioclavicular joint


28  Acromion of scapula


Superficial structures of the left anterior thoracic wall and shoulder – from the front and slightly right


Image



1  Investing layer of lateral cervical fascia


2  Platysma


3  Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid


4  Sternoclavicular joint


5  Suprasternal notch


6  Manubrium of sternum


7  Body of sternum


8  Body of clavicle


9  Acromioclavicular joint


10  Deltoid


11  Axillary vein


12  Subclavian vein


13  Cephalic vein in deltopectoral triangle


14  Position of coracoid process of scapula


15  Clavicular part of pectoralis major


16  Sternocostal part of pectoralis major


17  Common origin of pectoralis major


18  Thoraco-acromial vessels and lateral pectoral nerve


19  Pectoralis minor


20  Axillary lymph nodes (cluster)


21  Serratus anterior


22  Thoracodorsal artery and long thoracic nerve


23  Latissimus dorsi


24  Biceps


Structures of the left deep lateral neck, brachial plexus, axilla, shoulder and upper arm – from the front


Image



1  Laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage


2  Sternohyoid


3  Superior belly of omohyoid


4  Thyrohyoid


5  Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid


6  Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid


7  Transverse cervical nerve


8  Great auricular nerve


9  Splenius capitis


10  Levator scapulae


11  Accessory nerve


12  Scalenus medius


13  Superficial cervical artery


14  Inferior belly of omohyoid


15  Scalenus anterior


16  Thyrocervical trunk


17  Body of clavicle


18  Upper trunk of brachial plexus


19  Subclavian artery


20  Accessory phrenic nerve


21  Subclavian vein


22  Inferior thoracic artery


23  Brachial plexus


24  Deltoid


25  Pectoralis minor


26  Pectoralis major


27  Subscapularis


28  Teres major


29  Latissimus dorsi


30  Axillary vein


31  Axillary artery


32  Musculocutaneous nerve


33  Short head of biceps fused with coracobrachialis


34  Pectoralis major (common origin)


35  Long head of biceps


36  Coracobrachialis


37  Brachial artery


38  Median nerve


39  Ulnar nerve


40  Triceps


41  Biceps


Left brachial plexus and axilla I – from the front


Image



1  Rectus abdominis


2  Sternocostal part of pectoralis major


3  Clavicular part of pectoralis major


4  Body of clavicle


5  Subclavius


6  Pectoralis minor


7  Deltoid


8  Pectoralis major (common origin)


9  Coracobrachialis and short head of biceps


10  Lateral cord of brachial plexus


11  Axillary artery


12  Axillary vein


13  Lateral thoracic artery


14  Musculocutaneous nerve


15  Median nerve


16  Brachial artery


17  Ulnar nerve


18  Medial cutaneous nerve of arm


19  Subscapularis


20  Thoracodorsal nerve


21  Axillary lymph node


22  Thoracodorsal artery


23  Latissimus dorsi


24  Teres major


25  Serratus anterior



The cords of the brachial plexus – located around the axillary artery are:


  Lateral cord – major branches: the musculocutaneous nerve, lateral root of the median nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve.


  Medial cord – major branches: the ulnar nerve, medial root of the median nerve, the medial pectoral nerve and the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm.


  Posterior cord – major branches: the radial nerve, axillary nerve, subscapular nerves and thoracodorsal nerve.


Left brachial plexus and axilla II – from the front


Image



1  Rectus abdominis


2  Sternocostal part of pectoralis major


3  Clavicular part of pectoralis major


4  Body of clavicle


5  Subclavius


6  Pectoralis minor


7  Deltoid


8  Pectoralis major (common origin)


9  Coracobrachialis and short head of biceps


10  Axillary vein


11  Axillary artery


12  Posterior cord of brachial plexus


13  Lateral cord of brachial plexus


14  Medial cord of brachial plexus


15  Lateral thoracic artery


16  Ulnar nerve


17  Median nerve


18  Brachial artery


19  Axillary nerve


20  Radial nerve


21  Musculocutaneous nerve


22  Subscapularis


23  Thoracodorsal nerve


24  Axillary lymph node


25  Latissimus dorsi


26  Long thoracic nerve


27  Teres major


28  Serratus anterior


Coronal section through the left elbow joint – from the front


Image



1  Ulnar nerve


2  Medial head of triceps


3  Shaft of humerus


4  Radial nerve


5  Lateral head of triceps


6  Brachioradialis


7  Annular ligament


8  Supinator


9  Extensor carpi radialis longus


10  Capitulum of humerus


11  Medial epicondyle of humerus


12  Trochlea of humerus


13  Coronoid process of ulna


14  Head of radius


15  Neck of radius


16  Tendon of biceps


17  Shaft of radius


18  Flexor carpi ulnaris


19  Flexor digitorum profundus


20  Extensor carpi radialis brevis



The elbow joint:


  Is formed between the lower end of the humerus and upper ends of the ulna and radius.


  The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the upper surface of the head of the radius.


  The head of the radius and the ulna also articulate with one another to form the proximal radio-ulnar joint where they are held together by the annular ligament.

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Jan 22, 2018 | Posted by in ANATOMY | Comments Off on III UPPER LIMB

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