Herpes Simplex Virus

 Characterized by ground-glass or smudged nuclei with margination of chromatin



• Multinucleated cells with nuclear molding are less common compared with mucocutaneous HSV infections

• Immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against HSV1/HSV2 confirm diagnosis




Top Differential Diagnoses




• Acetaminophen toxicity

• Toxin-induced liver injury

• Adenovirus hepatitis

• Wilson disease

• Acute vascular injury

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Minimal Inflammation
H&E shows extensive hemorrhagic necrosis with negligible portal and lobular inflammation.


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Nuclear Inclusions
H&E shows herpes simplex virus (HSV) inclusions at the interface of necrotic and viable areas. In most cells, the inclusions appear as eosinophilic ground-glass areas in the nucleus with margination of nuclear chromatin image .

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Nuclear Inclusions
H&E shows viral inclusions image with smudged hepatocyte nuclei and margination of nuclear chromatin. The inclusions are typically located at the edge of necrotic zones. A prominent owl-eye like appearance typical of CMV inclusions is not present in most HSV inclusions.

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Multinucleated Cell
H&E shows a multinucleated cell image with nuclear molding. These cells are commonly observed in herpetic mucosal lesions but are uncommon in HSV hepatitis.


TERMINOLOGY


Abbreviations




• Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis


ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS


Infectious Agents




• Hepatitis is result of disseminated infection and can occur with both HSV1 and HSV2

• Dissemination may occur due to immunosuppression, large initial inoculum, enhanced virulence at reactivation, or hepatovirulence of certain strains


CLINICAL ISSUES


Epidemiology




• Incidence
image Risk factors

– Immunosuppression

– Neonates

– 3rd trimester of pregnancy

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Apr 20, 2017 | Posted by in PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE | Comments Off on Herpes Simplex Virus

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