Histologic and Etiologic Variants of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Most squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the upper aerodigestive tract are histologically conventional type and as such show, to some degree, a…
Adenocarcinomas, Other Than Those That Can Be Classified As Salivary Gland-Type Most glandular malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract can best be classified as salivary gland-type malignancies (Table 7.1). A…
Conventional Squamous Cell Carcinoma Conventional squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant diagnosis made based on biopsy specimens from the upper aerodigestive tract. In fact, it may be…
Precursor Lesions of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Most anatomic pathologists are comfortable with the multihit model for the development of epithelial malignancy. As such, they are accustomed to diagnosing noninvasive premalignant…
Normal Anatomy and Histology The upper aerodigestive tract and ear are unified by location and function. Because this region does not represent a single organ, per se, a discussion of…
Benign Squamous Proliferations and Neoplasms Most neoplasia of the upper aerodigestive tract shows squamous differentiation. Clinically, squamous lesions may be single or multifocal, benign, aggressive, or malignant. Risk factors for…
Figure 7.1 Normal esophagus and stomach, gross The normal esophagus on the left has the usual white to tan mucosa. The gastroesophageal junction with the lower esophageal sphincter, whose physiologic…
Figure 13.1 Normal external genitalia, gross In the left panel, adult external genitalia include the labia majora (∗), labia minora (♦), clitoris (▲), vaginal orifice (□), and perineum (□) extending…
