Membranous Bronchiolitis Philip T. Cagle Tobacco smoke effects on the small airways can often be measured physiologically as an obstructive change in FEV1, more specifically in FEF25%-75% or FEF75%. When…

Emphysema Timothy C. Allen Philip T. Cagle Emphysema is characterized by destruction of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli leaving enlarged airspaces. There are several types of emphysema, but the…

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Roberto Barrios Carlos Bedrossian Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare lesion characterized by accumulation of a granular eosinophilic material in the alveoli. It can be seen as…

Acute Pneumonia Roberto Barrios Acute pneumonia is characterized by acute inflammation of the lung involving distal airspaces. Acute pneumonias can be classified in several different ways: according to epidemiology, pathogenesis,…

Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia-Like Pattern Alvaro C. Laga Robert Barrios The term desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)-like pattern describes the accumulation of macrophages in the alveoli that can take place as a…

Eosinophilic Pneumonia Roberto Barrios Timothy C. Allen Broadly speaking, eosinophilic pneumonia is a disease process characterized by an intraalveolar exudate containing large numbers of eosinophils, frequently with associated peripheral eosinophilia….

Lipoid Pneumonia Roberto Barrios Lipoid pneumonia can be subdivided into exogenous and endogenous lipoid pneumonia, depending on the origin of the lipid products associated with this lesion. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia…

Cancers of the Pleura Cancers often metastasize to the pleura, particularly metastatic carcinomas, but also metastatic sarcomas, lymphomas, and other types of cancer. Some cancers, particularly lung carcinomas, may also…

Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia Mary Beth Beasley Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a recently described pattern of lung injury that has a mortality rate similar to that…

Diffuse Alveolar Damage Roberto Barrios Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a term that describes a tissue response to a wide variety of acute lung injuries. The lung has limited ways…