Alcohol: Clinical Aspects
Acknowledgments We thank Catharine Helms and Robert H. Cormier, Jr., for their assistance with manuscript preparation. Introduction Alcohol is one of the oldest and the most widely used psychoactive substances…
PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
Novel Methodologies : Proteomic Approaches in Substance Abuse Research
Acknowledgment The writing of this chapter was supported in part by funding of the following NIH grants: DA012498, DA003628, and DA06634 (SEH). Introduction The comprehensive sequencing of human and other…
Neurobehavioral Toxicology of Substances of Abuse
Ethanol (Alcohol) History Ethanol is surely the oldest known substance of abuse. The details of the original discovery of fermented beverages have been lost to time because of the unavailability…
Neurobiological Basis of Drug Reward and Reinforcement
Introduction Drug use disorders involve a number of factors including genetic and environmentally influenced predispositions, the actions of the drugs themselves, the immediate environment, and the neurobiological mechanisms that promote…
Metabolomics in Drug Response and Addiction
What Is Metabolomics? Metabolomics is the newest addition to the “omics” science. An “omics” has been defined as a neologism referring to a holistic view on biologic macromolecules, such as…
Neuroimaging Findings in Substance Use Disorders
Introduction A comprehensive understanding of the underlying neurobiology of alcohol and other drug use will likely prove essential in developing more effective prevention, early intervention, and treatment strategies. Ethical limitations…
The Assessment and Treatment of Addiction: Best Practices in a Direct-to-Consumer Age
Introduction Addictions are a constellation of complex and chronic illnesses that affect multiple domains in a patient’s life, primarily for the worst. Nosologically, they are defined by use of an…
Genetic Vulnerability to Substance Use Disorders
Introduction Genetic influences on addictive substance use vary across developmental stages of life. When an individual initiates substance use (i.e., experiments with drugs), environmental factors have a greater impact on…
Overlapping Striatal Circuits and Molecular Mechanisms in Rodent Models of Addiction and Depression
Overview of Striatal Circuits The striatum is a major brain nuclei in the basal ganglia (BG) system. The BG consists of set of corticobasal ganglia-cortical loops, which are a series…
Conditioning of Addiction
Introduction Addiction to drugs of abuse is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by a compulsion to take the drug, loss of control of intake, and the development of a negative…
