© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Cristina Magi-Galluzzi and Christopher G. Przybycin (eds.)Genitourinary Pathology10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_32 32. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Renal Cell Carcinoma Fang-Ming Deng1 and Ming Zhou1 (1) Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical…
pT0: No evidence of primary tumor pTa: Noninvasive papillary carcinoma pTis: Carcinoma in situ pT1: Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue ( lamina propria) pT2:Tumor invades muscularis propria pT2a: Inner half…
Fig. 6.1 Urethroscopic/cystoscopic appearance of primary papillary urothelial carcinoma of the prostatic urethra. Note the visual similarity to Fig. 6.2 depicting a prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma Fig. 6.2 Urethroscopic/cystoscopic appearance of prostatic…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Cristina Magi-Galluzzi and Christopher G. Przybycin (eds.)Genitourinary Pathology10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_20 20. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Urothelial Carcinoma Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie1 and Gopa Iyer2 (1) Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Cristina Magi-Galluzzi and Christopher G. Przybycin (eds.)Genitourinary Pathology10.1007/978-1-4939-2044-0_17 17. Familial Urothelial Carcinomas Christopher G. Przybycin1 and Jesse K. McKenney1 (1) Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory…
Patient population Reference Prediction form Outcome No. of patients Variables Accuracy Validation NMIBC Parmar Risk grouping RFS 919 # Tumors, cystoscopy at 3 months Not reported Not performed NMIBC MillanRodriguez…
Gene localization Candidate gene/locus Gene function Key features Strong candidates for susceptibility genes 1q25.3 RNaseL/HPC1 Antiviral and pro-apoptotic role < 65 year old, high GS, advanced disease at diagnosis, strong…
Fig. 13.1 Superoxide production in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The production of superoxide (O2 •−) is thought to occur at Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), or…
Fig. 22.1 Tobacco carcinogen and inflammatory response-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), bacterial, and viral products mediate inducible and genomic alterations in the PI3K-NF-κB, TP53/63, and KEAP1/NRF2 pathways in HNSCC. (a)…
Fig. 20.1 Schematic drawing of a cochlea cross-cut. A: apical part, responsible for low-frequency hearing; B: basal part, responsible for high-frequency hearing; 1: scala tympani; 2: scala media; 3: scala…
