MICROBIOLOGY
Propagation, Quantification, and Storage
Figure 15G.1.1 Inoculation of a chicken egg with influenza virus. 6. Discard the syringe and needle into a sharps safety container. 7. Seal the hole punched in the eggshell with…
Mouse as Model System to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions in Influenza A Infections
Figure 1 Pipetting scheme for performing the hemagglutination assay. 4. Discard the 50 µl from the last column. 5. Add 50 µl RBC suspension to all wells. 6. Mix the…
Viruses: Molecular Virology
Figure 1 Structural features of an influenza A virion. Two glycoprotein spikes, haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) and the M2 protein are embedded in a lipid bilayer derived from the…
Influenza Viruses
As with other enveloped viruses, the initial step in replication is binding of viral surface glycoproteins to cell surface receptors (Figure 1). All influenza viruses initiate infection by binding to…
Type 3 secretion effectors
Chapter 15 Type 3 secretion effectors Abigail Clements, Cedric N. Berger, Mariella Lomma and Gad Frankel, Imperial College London, London, UK Introduction T3SS effector proteins of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC),…
Type 1 and 5 secretion systems and associated toxins
Chapter 16 Type 1 and 5 secretion systems and associated toxins Timothy J. Wells and Ian R. Henderson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Introduction Pathogenic Escherichia coli can cause disease…
Capsule and lipopolysaccharide
Chapter 17 Capsule and lipopolysaccharide Lisa M. Willis and Chris Whitfield, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Introduction Pathogenic E. coli require many different virulence factors which allow them to…
