A lipid bilayer that contains protein channels, enzymes, and receptors   Cholesterol increases membrane fluidity   Cells are negative inside compared to outside; based on Na/K ATPase (3 Na+ out/2 K+ in)…

  R → L shunts cause cyanosis •  Children squat to increase SVR and decrease R → L shunts •  Cyanosis – can lead to polycythemia, strokes, brain abscess, endocarditis •  Eisenmenger’s syndrome: shift…

  Helper T cells (CD4) •  Release IL-2, which mainly causes maturation of cytotoxic T cells •  Release IL-4, which mainly causes B-cell maturation into plasma cells •  Involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity (brings in…

  Inflammation (days 1–10) – PMNs, macrophages; epithelialization (1–2 mm/day)   Proliferation (5 days–3 weeks) – fibroblasts, collagen deposition, neovascularization, granulation tissue formation; type III collagen replaced with type I   Remodeling (3…

  Hypothalamus – releases TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, and dopamine into median eminence; passes through neurohypophysis on way to adenohypophysis   Dopamine – inhibits prolactin secretion   Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) •  ADH – supraoptic…