Carotid Surgery: Distal Exposure and Control Techniques and Complication Management Cheong J. Lee DEFINITION The carotid artery typically bifurcates at the level of the C3-C4 cervical spine. High carotid bifurcations…
Adrenalectomy: Open Anterior Barbra S. Miller DEFINITION Adrenal masses may be functional or nonfunctional and benign or malignant. Most are incidentally discovered when imaging is obtained for other reasons. Laparoscopic…
Proximal to the Wrist: Upper Extremity Reconstruction/Revascularization Mohamed A. Zayed Ronald L. Dalman DEFINITION The content discussed in the following text assumes the reader has familiarity with standard upper extremity…
Upper Extremity Arterial Reconstruction and Revascularization Distal to the Wrist Michael G. Galvez James Chang DEFINITION Arterial reconstruction and revascularization distal to the wrist requires reconstituting the complex vascular supply…
Stenting, Endografting, and Embolization Techniques: Celiac, Mesenteric, Splenic, Hepatic, and Renal Artery Disease Management Mohamed A. Zayed Ronald L. Dalman DEFINITION The content discussed in the following text presupposes familiarity…
Branched and Fenestrated Endovascular Stent Graft Techniques Gustavo S. Oderich Karina S. Kanamori Anatomic constraints for endovascular management of abdominal aortic aneurysms include the presence of short or angulated surgical…
Nipple-Areolar Reconstruction Anita R. Kulkarni Amy K. Alderman Andrea L. Pusic DEFINITION Nipple-areolar reconstruction (NAR) is typically performed as the final stage of breast reconstruction after mastectomy. The nipple is…
Open Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism Christopher R. McHenry DEFINITION An open neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is defined as exposure of an abnormal parathyroid gland or glands using standard…
Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Exposure and Decompression: Transaxillary George J. Arnaoutakis Thomas Reifsnyder Julie Ann Freischlag DEFINITION In 1821, Sir Astley Cooper recognized the constellation of neurovascular symptoms involving the…
Adrenalectomy: Open Thoracoabdominal Barbra S. Miller DEFINITION Adrenal masses may be benign or malignant. If adrenocortical carcinoma is a concern, adrenalectomy by an open approach should be performed. Adrenal masses…
