GENERAL SURGERY
Environmental medicine
19 Environmental medicine Chapter Contents Heat 697 Cold 698 Drowning and near-drowning 699 Ionizing radiation 700 Electric shock 701 Bioterrorism/biowarfare 701 Heat Body core temperature (TCore) is maintained at 37°C…
Gastrointestinal disease
5 Gastrointestinal disease Chapter Contents Symptoms 133 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 139 Other oesophageal disorders 142 Peptic ulcer disease 144 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage 145 Malabsorption 154 Inflammatory bowel disease 156 Colonic and…
Human immune deficiency virus and AIDS
3 Human immune deficiency virus and AIDS Chapter Contents Introduction 95 Pathogenesis 95 Disease manifestations ofHIV infection 96 Approach to the patient 97 Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) 100 Opportunistic…
Models of Natural Selection
6.1 How Does Natural Selection Work? A common approach to natural selection in biology classes is to simulate the process using laboratory organisms such as fruit flies, whose short generation…
Genetic Drift
. We can also use probability theory to make some general statements about the likelihood of a set of events occurring. For example, if we flip 10 coins, how many…
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
2.1 Genotype And Allele Frequencies Before getting into the definition, derivation, and application of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, some basic ideas for measuring genetic variation in a population need to be clarified,…
Inbreeding
Figure 3.2 Genealogy of an inbred reference person (Alice) going back three generations. Squares indicate males; circles, females. Horizontal lines indicate matings, and vertical lines indicate descent from these matings….
