The physical examination of patients with problem wounds should be focused on local and systemic signs that affect wound healing. For the wound itself, the location, size, depth, exposure of…

Figure 68-1. Trends in Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Death Rates by Sex, USA, 1930–2010. (From The American Cancer Society, Colorectal Cancer Facts and Figures 2014–2016.) The list of behavioral or…

Figure 43-1. Barium contrast esophagography showing the constriction caused by the cricopharyngeal muscle, aortic arch, and the left mainstem bronchus. Indentations of the esophagus made by external structures are important…

Figure 70-1. Fascial attachments of the rectum. Understanding the various types of epithelium within the anal canal is important for the diagnosis of both benign and malignant conditions of the…

Figure 76-1. Schematic illustration of the location of the superior (A) and inferior (B) parathyroid glands from 503 autopsy studies. The more common locations are indicated by the shaded areas….

Splanchnic venous anatomy parallels the arterial system to drain into the portal venous system. The splenic and superior mesenteric veins join to form the portal vein. Hepatic venous blood is…

Familial Cancer Syndromes 2 The discovery of inherited mutations of genes associated with an increased risk of cancer provides important opportunities for early detection and prevention of common and rare…

Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation also appear to participate in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer. In particular gene promoter inactivation by hypermethylation may be an important mechanism in the inactivation…

Figure 55-1. U.S. pancreatic cancer new cases, death rate, and 5-year survival. Adapted from EER Cancer Statistics Factsheets: Pancreas Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/pancreas.html. Accessed March 10, 2016….

Figure 50-1. Terminal ileum with forceps pointing to intraloop chronic abscess cavity. Clinical Evaluation Small Bowel The distribution of disease will in large part dictate the clinical presentation. The terminal…