■  Esophageal manometry is the gold standard for the diagnosis of achalasia. Lack of peristalsis and absent or incomplete LES relaxation in response to swallowing are the key criteria for the…

■  Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH testing (MII-pH) detects episodes of reflux, regardless of the pH of the refluxate, by identifying changes inducted by the presence of liquids and gas…

■  Pad pressure points along arms and legs and secure the knees in the locked position. Pillow cases or folded sheets and 2-in silk tape can be used to keep the…

■  Please refer to the appropriate chapter for further details. TECHNIQUES ACCESS AND PORT PLACEMENT ■  Same as Minimally Invasive Distal Gastrectomy, except for the camera port, which is placed routinely two…

Klaus Mönkemüller DEFINITION ■  Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is an acquired condition due to a change in the normal esophageal squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium containing goblet cells. This metaplastic change can…

■  Esophagitis, Barrett’s changes, and/or stricture SURGICAL MANAGEMENT Preoperative Planning ■  Because the Collis gastroplasty is an adjunctive procedure during gastric fundoplication, the principles of a proper antireflux procedure (wrap) or gastropexy…

■  Hernias are frequently diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) for abdominal pain, although this is not the initial test to obtain if you are most suspicious of hiatal hernia. It will,…