■  Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the lower third of the esophagus may also be approached via THE, whereas tumors of the middle and upper third of the esophagus usually require…

■  Because there are few physical exam findings associated with GERD, the physical exam should focus on conditions that might suggest an alternative explanation for the patient’s symptoms. These include recent…

Waddah B. Al-Refaie DEFINITION ■  Total gastrectomy is removal of the stomach in its entirety including the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. This is typically performed for patients with proximal gastric cancer, including…

■  Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a critical staging technique for esophageal cancer (FIG 2). The EUS determines the depth of invasion of the tumor into the esophageal wall (T stage). Esophageal…

PATIENT HISTORY AND PHYSICAL FINDINGS ■  A detailed history and physical must be performed focusing on heartburn and reflux symptoms, response to medical treatment as well as the characteristics and degree…

■  The AGB differs from other bariatric procedures in three main ways: It is adjustable, reversible, and involves no cutting or stapling of the stomach. ■  The AGB is an exclusively restrictive…

■  The C-arm fluoroscopy unit should be positioned to the patient’s right with the screen monitor clearly visible to the operating surgeon. ■  The bed should have a footboard placed and the…

■  When an antrectomy is performed for complicated peptic ulcer disease, a vagotomy may be included to reduce the chance of anastomotic ulcer formation in patients who are not candidates for…

Kocher Maneuver ■  A Kocher maneuver is performed to facilitate exposure of the duodenum and pylorus and to eliminate tension on the suture line. A forceps is used to grasp the…

■  The blood supply of the anterior abdominal wall is slightly more complex (FIG 2). The rectus muscle receives its blood supply both laterally from the intercostal vessels and from a…