Precursor Lesions of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Most anatomic pathologists are comfortable with the multihit model for the development of epithelial malignancy. As such, they are accustomed to diagnosing noninvasive premalignant…
Normal Anatomy and Histology The upper aerodigestive tract and ear are unified by location and function. Because this region does not represent a single organ, per se, a discussion of…
Benign Squamous Proliferations and Neoplasms Most neoplasia of the upper aerodigestive tract shows squamous differentiation. Clinically, squamous lesions may be single or multifocal, benign, aggressive, or malignant. Risk factors for…
Figure 7.1 Normal esophagus and stomach, gross The normal esophagus on the left has the usual white to tan mucosa. The gastroesophageal junction with the lower esophageal sphincter, whose physiologic…
Figure 13.1 Normal external genitalia, gross In the left panel, adult external genitalia include the labia majora (∗), labia minora (♦), clitoris (▲), vaginal orifice (□), and perineum (□) extending…
Figure 10.1 Normal kidney, gross This normal adult kidney with the capsule removed has a pattern of fetal lobulations that still persists, as it sometimes does in adults. The hilum…
Figure 17.1 Normal fetal bone, microscopic This normal fetal growth plate of a long bone shows features of endochondral ossification. Hyaline cartilage (♦) on the left contains proliferating chondroblasts contributing…
Figure 8.1 Normal liver in situ, gross Here is the normal liver in situ in the upper abdomen, as seen at autopsy. The liver lies below the diaphragm (▲), and…
