Fig. 13.1 Genetic engineering in phytoremediation Metal-hyperaccumulating plants and microbes with unique abilities to tolerate, accumulate, and detoxify metals and metalloids represent an important reservoir of unique genes. These genes could…
Techniques Marker type Require prior molecular information Mode of inheritance Degree of polymorphism Major applications Discoverer Non PCR-based techniques Restriction fragment length polymorphism Yes Mendelian, codominant Low Linkage mapping, Physical…
Fig. 5.1 Mechanism of RNA interference 5.5.1 Initiation This stage is characterized by generation of siRNA mediated by type III endonuclease Dicer. It appears that the RNAi machinery, once it finds…
Fig. 4.1 Measurement setup for measuring the EBI of a subject (Mughal et al. 2016) The Zurich HF2IS Impedance Spectroscope (Zurich 2015) is the measurement equipment which was used in this…
Fig. 2.1 The simplified human circulatory system (Harrub 2005). Oxygenated blood (red) and deoxygenated blood (blue) The heart is the primary organ in the human body; we cannot live without the…
Fig. 3.1 Block diagram of generic system for modelling of the template signals and for developing of a corresponding simulator (Mughal et al. 2015b, 2016) Ideally, the developed signal model should…
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016Yar Muhammad MughalA Parametric Framework for Modelling of Bioelectrical SignalsSeries in BioEngineering10.1007/978-981-287-969-1_1 1. Introduction and Motivation Yar M. Mughal (Yar Muhammad)1 (1) Faculty of Information Technology, Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of…
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016Yar Muhammad MughalA Parametric Framework for Modelling of Bioelectrical SignalsSeries in BioEngineering10.1007/978-981-287-969-1_5 5. Conclusions Yar M. Mughal (Yar Muhammad)1 (1) Faculty of Information Technology, Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn…
Fig. 1.1 Human pachytene spermatocyte demonstrating synapsis of homologous chromosome pairs and sites of meiotic recombination (chiasmata). The protein complex (synaptonemal complex) that forms the physical connection between homologous chromosomes…
Fig. 2.1 Potential origins of genetic and epigenetic changes in the germ line. The “aberrant repair hypothesis” essentially posits that a variety of clinical, biological, lifestyle, and environmental factors including…
