Epidemiology: defining disease and normality
Learning objectives In this chapter you will learn: what is meant by the term epidemiology; the concepts underlying the terms ‘normal, abnormal and disease’ from a (i) sociocultural, (ii) statistical,…
questions – Part 2: Evidence-based medicine
a. What is the null hypothesis? b. Does the table provide any evidence of an association between the type of schedule and the rate of ‘serious medical errors’? Comment on…
Investigating causes of disease
Learning objectives In this chapter you will learn: that causal factors are probabilistic and may be neither necessary nor sufficient to ensure a specific outcome; what are the possible noncausal…
An overview of evidence-based medicine
Learning objectives In this chapter you will learn: what is meant by the term evidence-based medicine (EBM); common misperceptions about EBM; the existing evidence behind EBM; the EBM domains; the…
Genetic epidemiology
Learning objectives In this chapter you will learn: what genetic epidemiology is; some of the major recent advances in genetics; the major methods for estimating heritability; the difference between monogenic…
questions – Part 1: Epidemiology
Q11 Risk assessment for respiratory complications in paediatric anaesthesia (modified from von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Boda K, Chambers NA et al. (2010) The Lancet 376: 773–83) Respiratory adverse events in children…
Activity of Animal-Derived Exogenous Surfactants Mixed with Rifampicin
Fig. 1 Minimum surface tension (ST; γmin) of Survanta at concentration 2.5 mg/ml (a), 3 mg/ml (b), 4 mg/ml (c), and 5 mg/ml (d) with or without rifampicin (RIF) 1, 5, and 10 % (w/w)…
Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Moderate OSA Group A (n = 15) Severe OSA Group B (n = 15) Control Group C (n = 20) p <0.05 Age (years) 59.6 ± 6.5 54.5 ± 8.9 47.0 ± 12.4 C vs. A BMI (kg/m2) 30.7 ± 2.5 32.2 ± 5.5 27.0 ± 3.5 B…
Changes in the Central Nervous System in Children on Chronic Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy
Inclusion criteria Age between 8 and 17 years Children with diagnosed asthma, confirmed by spirometry Children treated with inhaled corticosteroids continuously for at least 4 years The time without treatment…
Ligand CD40 and Uric Acid as Markers of Atheromatosis in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Serum sCD40L r-Spearman’s p Age 0.12 ns BMI 0.16 ns AHI 0.24 0.01 DI 0.17 ns Mean SaO2 −0.13 ns Mean of min. SaO2 −0.18 <0.05 CRP 0.21 <0.05…
